[Objective] The slope erosion characteristics in the granite red soil under different jute geotextile covering conditions were studied in order to provide a scientific basis for regional soil erosion control. [Methods] The slope erosion characteristics of granite red topsoil were investigated in terms of runoff coefficient, soil erosion rate, particle size distribution, and the enrichment ratio of eroded sediment through rainfall simulation experiments under the extreme rainfall intensity (90 mm/h) at slopes with 5° and 15° slope gradients and three different jute geotextile mulching conditions (uncovered, 6 cm×6 cm, and 3 cm×3 cm). [Results] The runoff increased with rainfall duration, in contrast to a decrease in the soil erosion rate, indicating a detachment-limited erosion process. Compared to the uncovered treatment, jute geotextile mulching obviously reduced runoff and sediment under different experimental conditions. Additionally, sorting of the eroded sediment revealed that the clay-and silt-sized particles along the slope were preferentially and selectively transported, resulting in the enrichment of quartz coarse particles on the slope surface, especially at the gentle slope (5°) and high jute geotextile coverage (3 cm×3 cm). With rainfall duration, the continuous enrichment of quartz coarse particles on the slope further enhanced the erosion resistance of in-situ slope, corresponding to the gradual decrease of soil erosion rate with rainfall duration. [Conclusion] High-density jute geotextile covering can effectively reduce the runoff and sediment, and can increase the erosion resistance of in-situ slope, suggesting its potential as an effective measure for soil erosion prevention and restoration.