[Objective] The temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and its relationship with sediment yield in Hekou-Longmen region of the middle reaches of the Yellow River was studied in order to provide basis for erosion control and soil and water conservation planning. [Methods] Based on the data of rainfall and sediment yield modulus, the spatial variation rules of rainfall and sediment yield in Hekou-Longmen region was systematically studied by using Tyson polygon weighted variation coefficient method, K-means clustering analysis and linear regression analysis. [Results] From 1959 to 2015, the precipitation and rainfall erosivity in flood season showed the same spatial distribution characteristics, but the spatial variability of rainfall erosivity in flood season was stronger. The spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation and rainfall erosivity in flood season were the same in the annual and inter annual time scales, and they had latitude zonality (p<0.01). The spatial variability of precipitation in flood season and rainfall erosivity in flood season had little difference at tributary scale, and the variation trend was similar. [Conclusion] From 1959 to 2015, before large-scale soil erosion control, sediment yield in Hekou-Longmen region was mainly affected by rainfall (p<0.01), but after soil erosion control, sediment yield in the basin decreased dramatically, and there was no significant correlation between rainfall and sediment yield modulus in the basin.