[Objectve] The impacts of Titanium mining on the diversity and distribution pattern of surrounding vegetation were studied in order to provide basic data for biodiversity protection and vegetation restoration in abandoned Titanium mines. [Methods] The differences and distribution patterns of soil factors and tree, shrub and herbaceous species in the titanium mine area were investigated by using ANOVA and Redundancy analysis (RDA). [Results] There were only 45 species, 33 families and 37 genera in the study area, including 13 tree species, 11 shrub species, and 21 herb species. The activities of mining had destructive effects on the vegetation in the abandoned Titanium mining area, and obviously affected the vegetation communities structure within a 200 m buffer area. Except for Pielou evenness index, the diversity index of species in the abandoned Titanium mining area was herb, which was significantly higher than that of trees and shrubs. The species diversity index decreased gradually with the increase of the distance to the buffer zone. According to the Redundancy analysis (RDA), the soil pH value, soil water content, available phosphorus, organic matter, ammonium nitrogen and buffer distance were the main environmental factors affecting the difference of species diversity, which explained 42.6%, 12.4%, 8.5%, 8.2%, 7.9% and 7.8% of the difference of species diversity in the abandoned Titanium ore buffer, respectively. [Conclusion] The plant species diversity and distribution pattern around the titanium mine were affected by multiple environmental factors such as soil pH value and soil water content. Whether the species diversity around the mining area is affected by soil heavy metals remains to be further studied.