[Objective] The current status and legislative response of rock desertification prevention and control were studied in order to provide a scientific basis for the targeted development of rock desertification prevention and control, and its integration into the legalization track. [Methods] The questionnaire survey method was conducted from October to December 2019 to investigate the public awareness of the phenomenon of rocky desertification, the evaluation and suggestions on the prevention and control of rocky desertification, and the awareness and demand for legislation on rocky desertification prevention. [Results] The harm of rocky desertification has basically become an ecological disaster generally recognized by the whole society. At present, the degree and frequency of popularization of rocky desertification education and publicity are relatively low, the public's understanding of rocky desertification is still weak, and the overall effect evaluation of the prevention and control of rocky desertification is generally satisfactory. However, the public's willingness to participate in the rock desertification control and ecological protection is positive, and the people have a strong tendency and demand for rock desertification prevention legislation. It is suggested that legislation should focus on the protection mechanism of provention and control funds and technology investment, project management and obligations, publicity methods, and law enforcement. [Conclusion] In order to effectively promote the prevention and control of rocky desertification in China, we should continue to strengthen the propaganda and control of rocky desertification, and strengthen the diversification of the participation mode of the main body and the prevention and control measures. It is necessary and urgent to carry out legislation on prevention and control of rocky desertification.