[Objective] The spatiotemporal variations and regional indicator differences in water resource use in Jiangxi Province (from 2008 to 2017) were analyzed in order to provide alternative references for the efficient and effective utilization of water resources.[Methods] Based on environmental, socioeconomic, and water resource data of Jiangxi Province from 2008 to 2017, the spatiotemporal variations and regional differences in water resource use in Jiangxi Province were analyzed by using variation coefficients, Theil coefficients, a spatial classification method, and the seven color difference evaluation method of “bamboo shoots”.[Results] The development and utilization of water resources in Nanchang City from 2008 to 2017 was at a relatively high level, with an average annual water resource development and utilization rate of 46%, which was classified as an unhealthy state. The average water resource development and utilization rate of Jiangxi Province was less than 25%, which was classified as a healthy state. The distribution of industrial water and agricultural water in Jiangxi Province was quite different from 2008 to 2017, whereas the spatial distribution of domestic water and total water in 11 cities was relatively less different. From 2008 to 2017, the regional difference values of per capita water resources in Jiangxi Province was less than 380, which was in the stable area of the seven color “bamboo shoot” model. During 2008—2017, the data fluctuation decreased and the data of each city became more stable.[Conclusion] In all, there were great differences in water resource endowment in Jiangxi Province. It is necessary to analyze many water resources indicators, including population, climate, environment, terrain, and cultural difference, in order to promote sustainable development of the overall socioeconomic situation, and achieve the hamony and unity of man and water enviroment of Jiangxi Province in the future.