[Objective] The spatiotemporal evolution of vegetation coverage and its response to climate change in the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River basin were studied to provide a scientific basis and data support for regional ecological environmental protection.[Methods] Based on MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, combined with annual average temperature and annual precipitation data, the trend analysis, coefficient of variation, Hurst index, and correlation analysis were used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of vegetation coverage and its response to climate change in the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River basin from 2000 to 2018.[Results] ① The fractional vegetation coverage in the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River basin showed a significant increase, with a growth rate of 5.21%/10 a. Spatially, the vegetation coverage showed the distribution characteristics of being low in the middle and high in the surroundings, mainly with high vegetation coverage. The fractional vegetation coverage in the study area showed an extremely significant increase and a significant increase account for 25.59% and 39.70%, respectively, and an extremely significant decrease and a significant decrease account for 1.32% and 2.46%, respectively. Insignificant change accounts for 57.84%. ② The vegetation coverage was generally stable in the study area, with an average coefficient of variation of 14.73%. Hurst analysis showed that the antisustainability of vegetation changes in the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River basin was stronger than the sustainability, and weak antisustainability was mainly dominant. ③ The vegetation growth in the study area was generally more affected by temperature than by precipitation, but there were spatial differences.[Conclusion] The fractional vegetation coverage in the upper reaches of Ganjiang River basin changes little and will decrease slightly in the future. Temperature is the main climate factor affecting vegetation growth.