[Objective] The performance of rural water environment governance was studied in order to provide theoretical supports for optimizing rural water environment governance.[Methods] The rural water environment management performance was assessed based on the satisfaction survey of farmers, by using 551 samples from Jiayu, Tianmen and Gong'an of Hubei Province. Based on the conception of "process-result", the influencing factors of rural water environment governance performancewere explored, from the dimensions of "process" and "result". Agent variable and instrumental variable methods were employed to solve the potential endogenous problems in the econometric model.[Results] ①In the overall satisfaction evaluation of the current rural water environment treatment, most respondents rated it as "moderate", accounting for 36.30%, and only 3.27% of respondents considered it as "very satisfied"; ② Among the variables of process performance, the centralized collection and transportation of domestic waste, improvement of village dry toilet, treatment of crop straw, renovation of domestic waste facilities, riverway renovation, professional staff, publicity of water environment management, public participation and renovation of domestic sewage pipe network had significant influences on the performance of rural water environment governance; ③ For the variables of results performance, the water quality of ditches and ponds also had significant impacts on the performance of rural water environment governance.[Conclusion] In the context of the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, it is an important path to enhance the rural water environment by reinforcing river ecological reestablishment, speeding up the laying of rural sewage pipeline network, and strengthening the group management of professional personnel, as well as smoothing the channels.