[Objective] The effects of vegetation types on the leaching and migration of Fe/Mn in coal gangue dumps under natural vegetation restoration were discussed in order to provide a scientific basis for the ecological environment management and ecological restoration of coal gangue dumps in coal mining areas.[Methods] The surface runoff of the coal gangue yard under different vegetation conditions in the abandoned coal mine area of central Guizhou Province was sampled and analyzed. At the same time, pot experiment was carried out by transplanting Masson pine, Betula luminifera and reed growing on coal gangue yard, and the samples of matrix permeate water were collected.[Results] The content of Fe or Mn in the infiltrated water of coal gangue substrates, and in the surface runoff water of coal gangue pile site grown with Masson pine, Betula luminifera and reed was significantly lower than that of gangue without plant growth. After natural recovery vegetation at coal gangue pile site, the decrease rates of Fe and Mn contents in surface runoff water were 45.27%~85.60% and 60.17%~90.13% respectively, the order of vegetation effects was Pinus massoniana young forest > Broadleaf young forest > reed grass. The sediment content of surface runoff water in the gangue pile sites grown with Pinus massoniana young forest, broad-leaved tree young forest, and reed-like grass was reduced by 40.18%, 30.67%, and 27.91%, respectively, compared with that of gangue without plant growth, and the migration of mineral particulate Fe and Mn in coal gangue was also decreased significantly.[Conclusion] Natural vegetation restoration can significantly reduce migration of Fe and Mn from the coal gangue yard to the water and improve the surface water quality in abandoned coal mines. The environmental effect of plant growth on reducing the migration of Fe from coal gangue to water was greater than that of Mn, especially the growth of Pinus massoniana.