[Objective] The spatial and temporal evolution and formation mechanism of ecological land was studied in order to provide scientific reference for maintaining regional ecological balance and ensuring the construction of ecological civilization.[Methods] The land use change amplitude, Lorentz curve, Gini coefficient, regression analysis and GIS technology were used to comprehensively analyze the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of ecological land in Fuxian Lake basin from 2010 to 2018, and discuss its formation mechanism.[Results] ① The main types of ecological land use in Fuxian Lake basin were cultivated land, forest land, water area and water conservancy facilities. In the past 8 years, the area of arable land, woodland, grassland, garden land and other land decreased by 5.15, 1.94, 0.81, 0.19 and 1.40 km², respectively, while the area of water and water conservancy facilities increased by 0.03 km². ② The spatial distribution of various ecological land in the river basin was quite different, the spatial distribution of cultivated land and forest land was relatively uniform. The Lorentz curve was relatively close to the absolute uniform line, and the Gini coefficient was 0~0.25. The distribution of grassland, garden land, water area and water conservancy facilities, unused land were relatively concentrated. The Lorentz curve was more concave, and the Gini coefficient was mostly above 0.5. The uneven spatial distribution of ecological land has strengthened. ③ From the perspective of driving mechanism, the main driving factors that driving the temporal and spatial changes of ecological land in the river basin were population density, urbanization level, policy, distance to major roads, distance to waters, and distance to urban built-up areas.[Conclusion] During the study period, the temporal and spatial changes of the ecological land in Fuxian Lake basin were significant, which is the result of the synergistic effect of various factors, such as natural conditions, socio-economic conditions and spatial location conditions.