[Objective] The influences of cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata with straw combined with slope reconstruction on clean water runoff, water-holding capacity and soil fertility of selected areas were investigated, in order to provide theoretical basis for the water conservation and ecological environment construction.[Methods] Under the canopy of cash forest, cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata with straw and combined with slope reconstruction measures based on slope degrees, throgh samples collection and analysis, the effects of those measures on the water and soil quality of experimental area during different growing periods of Stropharia rugosoannulata were discussed.[Results] The cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata on slope of small blocks by cutting slope length and setting transverse ditches(CM), cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata on primary slope (PM) and cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata on contour reverse-slope terrace (RM), could reduce the content of suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) efficiently. The content of SS were decreased by 40.3%, 31% and 51.1% on average, respectively. The contents of TN were decreased by 37.8%, 25.1% and 56.1% on average, respectively. The contents of TP were decreased by 37.8%, 24.7% and 46.9% on average, respectively. In addition, the soil water content was improved (by 22.2%, 14.1% and 39.1% respectively), and the content of soil organic matter was significantly increased (by 32.1%, 29.3% and 31.5% respectively).[Conclusion] By cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata with straw, and combined with slope reconstruction measures could reduce the content of SS, TN and TP in the runoff from the slope of the forest effectively, and increase the soil water content and organic matter in experimental area.