[Objective] The ecological effects before and after the construction of urban wetland were analyzed, and the key factors influencing the formation and development of wetland were determined in order to provide the scientific basis for urban wetland protection and ecological park construction.[Methods] Jixi National Wetland Park of Ji'nan City, Shandong Province, in the lower reaches of the Yellow River was selected as the research area. Remote sensing images and field survey data from 1990 to 2019 were the data sources. Based on the GIS platform, the ecological effects of urban wetlands were explored through spatial analysis of land use dynamics, transfer matrix, and landscape index. The driving factors of wetland change were studied by the grey correlation method.[Results] ① The mutual conversion between cultivated land and ecological land was the main type of land use change in the Jixi Wetland, and the mutual conversion between construction land and ecological land was the second type of land use change. Changes in landscape index and flora and fauna indicated an increase in wetland ecological diversity. ② The precipitation, groundwater and other water resources were positively correlated with wetland area, while the temperature was negatively correlated with wetland area.[Conclusion] Hydrological and meteorological factors played an important role in the natural evolution of wetlands, and were the key to the formation of perennial wetlands. Human disturbances such as urban planning affected the conversion of land use types in the wetland and were also the main factors leading to the evolution of the urban wetland.