[Objective] The characteristics and landscape pattern change of urban expansion in Bangladesh since 1980 were studied in order to provide differentiated development suggestions for urban land use and management in Bangladesh and other developing countries.[Methods] Taking Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and Sylhet, four major cities of Bangladeshi along the "One Belt and One Road" as the research objects, the characteristics of landscape pattern change in the process of urban expansion in 1980,1990,2000,2010 and 2017 were analyzed, and the pattern of urban expansion was identified.[Results] From 1980 to 2017, the expansion scale of the four major cities in Bangladesh was showed as:Dhaka > Chittagong > Khulna > Sylhet, and the expansion speed was showed as:Sylhet > Dhaka > Chittagong > Khulna. The trend of landscape pattern change of the four cities showed that the area continued to increase, the dominance strengthened, the degree of fragmentation fluctuated, the spatial pattern developed toward complexity and irregularity, and the space formation gradually diversified. From 1980 to 1990, external expansion was the main pattern of urban expansion in Dhaka, Chittagong and Sylhet, while adjacent expansion was the main pattern of urban expansion in Khulna. From 1990 to 2017, adjacent expansion became the main pattern of urban expansion in all the four cities, and the degree of urban connectivity increased gradually.[Conclusion] During 1980-2017, the city of Bangladesh was expanding continuously, and the landscape pattern changed significantly. The expansion pattern changed from external expansion to adjacent expansion.