[Objective] The ecological carrying capacity of water resources in Beijing City was evaluated in order to provide a scientific basis for sustainable development of the region. [Methods] Based on the theory of ecological footprint, the model of ecological carrying capacity of water resources and data from 2010 to 2019 in Beijing City, ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, and load index of water resources were analyzed. [Results] From 2010 to 2019, the general trend of the ecological footprint for water resources in Beijing City was very stable, and values ranged from 0.28 hm²/person to 0.32 hm²/person. The per capita ecological carrying capacity of water resources ranged from 0.04 hm²/person to 0.12 hm²/person and was greatly affected by precipitation. The influence of precipitation on ecological carrying capacity of water resources decreased with the input of external water from the south to north water transfer project. The tendency of the ecological footprint of ten thousand-yuan GDP fluctuated up and down, and was consistent with precipitation. Water resources showed a significant deficit, and the load index of water was much higher than 10, with the ecological pressure of water resources being great. [Conclusion] The government of Beijing City has taken active measures to increase the efficient use of water resources in recent years, and some positive results have been achieved. However, the situation regarding water resources in Beijing City is still grim. Although water transfer from south to north has alleviated the serious water shortage in Beijing City to a large extent, the results for ecological carrying capacity have been limited due to the serious consumption of water resources stock capital. Reasonable adjustments to the industrial structure, and further improved use of water resources may become important measures to promote sustainable development in Beijing City.