[Objective] The influencing factors and intensity of soil pH value in Southern Jiangxi Province were studied to provide a scientific basis for soil acidification prevention and control. [Methods] 8 167 surface soil samples in Nankang District, Ganzhou City were collected, and the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil pH value were analyzed by using Chi-square test and correlation coefficient methods. [Results] 83.1% of the soil in the study area was highly acidity (pH<5.0), and the proportion of neutral and alkaline soil was less than 17%. The soil pH value was mainly affected by natural factors such as soil parent material and geological background. The influence intensity was as follows: parent material > geological background > elevation > land type > landform. Acidic soil was distributed in Paleozoic igneous rocks and the element loss areas with higher terrain, the soil in Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and low-lying areas with rich elements was alkaline. At the same time, the contribution of human activities to soil acidification could not be ignored. [Conclusion] The soil pH value in Southern Jiangxi Province is mainly controlled by soil parent material and geological background, and human activities have caused a certain difference in soil pH value in different land use types.