[Objective] The construction model of the pastoral complex at check dam system in the loess hilly area was studied, in order to provide scientific support for the construction and utilization of the silt dam system in this area. [Methods] The construction mode and conditions of pastoral complex were studied through literature review, and the current situation, operation and utilization problems of check dams in loess hilly region were investigated. [Results] The management and constructing system of check dam system has been formed initially in Gansu Province. In the process of operation, there were problems such as hidden danger of dam failure, inadequate treatment of salinization soil, and insufficient utilization of water and soil. Taking Yulingou check dam system as an example, this study proposed suggestions of constructing the pastoral complex of dominant agricultural mode and building check dam pastoral complex with the consideration of modern agriculture, leisure tourism, pastoral community. [Conclusion] The construction of the check dam system pastorale complex is an exploration and innovation, it plays an important role in strengthening the ecological protection of the Yellow River basin, promoting high-quality development, and accelerating the strategy of rural revitalization.