[Objective] The temporal and spatial evolution and influencing factors of productional-living-ecological functions of Shanxi Province were analyzed in order to provide a basis for territorial and spatial planning.[Methods] Based on land use type data and statistical data of 107 counties in Shanxi Province in 2005, 2010, and 2018, the spatial and temporal differentiation pattern, evolution process, and influencing factors of the productional-living-ecological functions were determined by using a comprehensive index model, dynamic degree, and a spatial measurement model.[Results] ① The spatio-temporal differentiation feature of the productional-living-ecological functions was obvious in Shanxi Province from 2005 to 2018. The production function and living function were similar, showing a pattern of high in the plains and low in the mountains. The distribution of the ecological function was opposite to that of the production function and the living functions, and the spatial pattern was stable. The comprehensive productional-living-ecological functions improved dramatically, leading to a landform featured by higher in the south and middle, lower in the north, east, and west. ② The production and ecological functions changed slowly, showing a trend from 2005 to 2018 that first increased with time and then decreased. The living function was in a stage of rapid improvement, and it had improved significantly. The comprehensive functions of productional-living-ecological continued to improve, but it was in a stage of slow improvement. The coordination of functions of productional-living-ecological was improved, but the degree of functions simplification was higher. ③ The spatial and temporal differentiation of the productional-living-ecological functions was the combined effects of the natural geographic environment, natural resource endowments, and socio-economic factors. The productional-living-ecological functions were subject to natural geographical conditions. Natural resource endowment was the foundation and guarantee of the productional-living-ecological functions. Socio-economic factors were the main driving force of the productional-living-ecological functions.[Conclusion] All counties in Shanxi Province need to promote the respective enhancement and coordination of productional-living-ecological functions under the constraints of natural geographical conditions and economic and social transformation and development. On the basis of clarifying the positioning of their respective main functions, county planners need to adapt measures to local conditions, and develop measures rationally. Relying on their own regional advantages and endowment of resources, they could establish an interest linkage mechanism and promote the overall coordinated and sustainable development of Shanxi Province.