[Objective] The evaluation index system, evaluation model and evaluation standard of water and soil conservation benefits were studied, in order to provide technical support for the performance evaluation and post implementation effect evaluation of national key projects of water and soil conservation.[Methods] The frequency analysis method was used to screen the evaluation indexes, and the analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the index weight.[Results] The evaluation index system of the benefits of national soil and water conservation projects was proposed, and the comprehensive evaluation model was established. The model included 15 indicators in five categories:soil fixation and protection, water conservation, ecological improvement, income increase, disaster prevention and reduction. Based on this, the evaluation criteria was proposed including:excellent, good, slow improvement, deterioration and extreme deterioration.[Conclusion] The comprehensive evaluation model for soil and water conservation benefit evaluation covers many factors such as ecology, economy and society, and it also covers the interaction relationship between different factors, which can provide intuitive, comprehensive and quantifiable evaluation results for the implementation effects of national key soil and water conservation projects.