[Objective] The dynamics of the coupling and coordinated development of impervious surface area (ISA) and socio-economic development in China since the 21st century was explored, and the spatiotemporal pattern of the contradictions and synergies between landscape urbanization and socio-economic development was analyzed, in order to provide a scientific basis for soil and water conservation, and the formulation of differentiated regional urban and rural development strategies.[Methods] The decoupling model and coupling coordination degree model were used to investigate the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ISA and socio-economic coupling coordinated development in 355 prefectures in China from 2000 to 2018.[Results] ① The continuous expansion of ISA in China was inconsistent with the socio-economic development, which showed a significant regional difference. From 2000 to 2018, in the relationship of ISA-economy in each prefecture, the ISA growth generally lagged behind the economic development, except for northeast and north of Chinese prefectures experienced a process from lagging to overtake. Meanwhile, the proportion of weak decoupling type decrease by 38.59% and the proportion of negative decoupling type increased by 30.70%. In the relationship of ISA-population in each prefecture, ISA expansion rate was ahead of the population growth in most of prefectures, especially in central, northwest and southwest of Chinese prefectures. Moreover, the proportion of strong negative decoupling type increased by 23.94%. ② From 2000 to 2018, the degree of coupling coordination in ISA-economy-population decreased, while the expansion rate of ISA increased. As shown in the triangle diagram, the coupling coordination relationship between ISA-economy and ISA-population showed an antagonistic relationship, in a special region of ISA below 0.25.[Conclusion] Since the 21 st century, the dynamic relationship among ISA-economy-population in China tended to be uncoordinated. In the future, it is necessary to strictly control the outward spread of impervious surface in urban and rural areas, improve the land use intensity, and promote the sustainable development of urban and rural areas.