[Objective] The effects of different fertilization treatments on soil hydraulic properties and their changes with depth were analyzed in order to provide a theoretical basis for formulating scientific fertilization programs, and to promote the sustainable development of agriculture. [Methods] Based on a 36-year long-term fertilization experiment in the Loess Plateau, four fertilization treatments were selected, including no fertilization (CK), fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), fertilization with manure (M), and fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus, and manure (NPM). Changes in soil properties were evaluated by measuring soil organic matter content, bulk density, porosity, and moisture parameters. [Results] ① NPM and M significantly increased organic matter content in the 0—20 cm soil layer compared with CK and NP, but there were no significant differences in the 30—40 cm soil layer; ② NP significantly reduced soil porosity of the 0—20 cm soil layer compared with CK, M, and NPM; ③ All fertilization treatments significantly increased field capacity and available water holding in the 0—20 cm soil layer compared with CK, and NPM had the greatest effect; ④ NPM significantly increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the 0—10, 10—20, and 20—30 cm soil layers. [Conclusion] The combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers can improve physical properties and increase available water holding capacity of the surface soil, while the application of chemical fertilizers will cause the surface soil to compact, resulting in unfavorable conditions for crop growth.