[Objective] Urban land carrying capacity in Liaoning Province was quantitatively analyzed and evaluated, and its obstacle factors were diagnosed in order to provide suggestions for the rational development of land use in Liaoning Province, and to produce new ideas for regional land carrying capacity evaluation. [Methods] Land use classification was carried out based on 2018 Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing images from 14 prefecture-level cities in Liaoning Province to obtain the land use area of various types. These data were combined with social and economic data to construct a land carrying evaluation index system. The AHP (analytic hierarchy process)-entropy weight TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution) model was used to evaluate the carrying capacity of land resources. The obstacle degree model was used to evaluate the obstacle factors. [Results] The cities in Liaoning Province showed different bearing capacity states. The land carrying capacities of Panjin, Dalian, and Shenyang City were relatively high, but the social subsystem was the main obstacle factor restricting land carrying capacity. The carrying capacities of Anshan and Yingkou City were relatively low. The economic subsystem of Anshan City was the main factor limiting increases in carrying capacity. [Conclusion] The urban land carrying capacity of Liaoning Province is still far below its ideal state, and the coordinated development of the three subsystems of society, economy, and resources should be promoted to improve the land carrying capacity.