[Objective] The matching coordination level and regional differences of agricultural water and land resources at the city scale in Heilongjiang Province was analyzed in order to provide scientific guidance for the optimal allocation of regional agricultural water and land resources and the improvement of agricultural production pattern. [Methods] Using agricultural water and land resource data from 13 cities of Heilongjiang Province from 2009 to 2019, the Gini coefficient and the matching coefficient method were used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of agricultural water and land resources and their matching temporal and spatial evolution patterns. According to the average value of agricultural water and land resources matching coefficient for many years, three control areas were determined: water conservation and storage, water and land optimization control, and water-saving irrigation. [Results] ① From 2009 to 2019, the Gini coefficient of agricultural water and land resources matching in Heilongjiang decreased from 0.488 6 to 0.375 1, showing a good trend with small fluctuations. ② The matching coefficient of agricultural water and soil resources showed a pattern of decrease-increase-decrease-increase, and a fluctuation range of 0.22—0.69. ③ The distribution of agricultural water and land resources in each city was not balanced, showing the characteristics of “more water and less land” in the northwest and central regions and “more land and less water” in the eastern and western regions. ④ The overall coordination level of agricultural water and land resources was improved, and regional differences were significant. The matching coordination level between the eastern and western regions was lower, the central region was relatively reasonable, and the northwest region was higher. [Conclusion] Because of climate change and artificial regulation, the coordination level of agricultural water and land resources in the province is still in a relatively unbalanced state, but there is still an opportunity for adjustment by designating different types of regulation areas, and by formulating targeted regulation measures.