[Objective] The temporal and spatial characteristics of desertification risk were analyzed for the Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in order to provide a scientific basis and data support for ecological restoration, including formulation of sand prevention and control measures.[Methods] A desertification risk evaluation index system that included nine natural and socio-economic indicators was constructed by using ENVI and ArcGIS software to evaluate the risk of desertification. The characteristics of temporal and spatial changes were analyzed for the Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture from 2000 to 2020.[Results] ① The risk of desertification showed strong spatial heterogeneity in the Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture during 2000-2020. The extremely high risk and high risk areas were concentrated in Jinghe County and Alashankou City, located in the east of the Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. The moderate risk and low risk areas were located in Bole City and Wenquan County in the central part of the Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. The moderate risk level constituted the largest proportion of the total area (more than 40%). ② From 2000 to 2020, the risk of desertification shifted from extremely high risk to high risk, from high risk to moderate risk, and from moderate risk to low risk, showing a declining trend in risk of desertification. The extremely high risk area decreased by 3 160.3 km², and the low risk area increased by 2 424.76 km² by 2020. ③ From 2000 to 2020, the extremely high risk and the high risk centers of desertification moved eastward. The shift of the extremely high risk center was the most obvious, gradually moving to the east of Jinghe County. The medium risk and low risk centers did not change significantly, and they were located in Bole City and Wenquan County.[Conclusion] During 2000-2020, the desertification risk level was different in each area of the study area. Therefore, in order to prevent and control desertification, ecological restoration projects should be carried out reasonably and effectively according to local conditions.