[Objective] The relationship between ecological spatial network structure and soil conservation was analyzed in order to provide countermeasures and suggestions for improving ecosystem services in the Loess Plateau barrier region.[Methods] Based on the importance of ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity, and landscape stability, the ecological source area was identified, an ecological space network was constructed, and the relationship between the ecological space network topology and the amount of soil conservation was analyzed.[Results] ① Water conservation was high in the Qinling Mountains in Southwest China. The districts and counties on the west side of the Luliang Mountain Range-Huanglong Mountain, and the west side of the Ziwuling Mountains had low soil conservation. The Qinling Mountains and the east side of the main ridge of the Ziwuling Mountains had high biodiversity. The ecological environment in the western region was more sensitive, and the overall landscape pattern of the region was relatively stable. ② The total area of ecological source area was 46 245 km², accounting for 38.8% of the entire area. There were 125 ecological corridors with a total length of 9 071.40 km. ③ There were a total of 142 ecological nodes, and the degree of the source node was positively correlated with the amount of soil conservation.[Conclusion] The ecological space network based on "importance-sensitivity-landscape characteristics" was accurate and feasible. The construction of weak nodes and source nodes with low degree values should be strengthened so that the soil conservation services of ecological land can exert greater ecological benefits.