[Objective] The spatial optimization of land resources in the Kashgar area was studied to provide theoretical support for sustainable development of the society and economy of the area.[Methods] Food security, economic benefits, and ecological benefits (carbon sequestration, water production, and soil erosion) were set as the multi-objective functions of the algorithm, and the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm was used to obtain a reasonable optimization of the land use quantity structure. Then the GeoSOS-FLUS model was used to simulate the spatial optimization of land use according to the optimization results of quantitative structure, natural conditions and economic factors. Finally, the spatial optimization of the Kashgar area was analyzed using Fragstats 4 software for landscape pattern analysis.[Results] ① GDP, carbon sequestration, and grain production were all higher under the three optimization strategies than before optimization, and soil erosion was reduced. Water production was only increased when ecological benefits were prioritized. ② From 2005 to 2020, arable land and construction land increased to different degrees. Watershed, forest land, and unused land decreased to different degrees. ③ The optimization results for land use pattern under the economic priority, the ecological priority, and ecological-economic coordinated development, and land use data in 2020 were analyzed by Fragstats 4. Compared with the results obtained prior to optimization, Shannon diversity and dispersion and juxtaposition indices increased under all three optimization strategies, and patch cohesion and habitat diversity also increased.[Conclusion] The six land use types were distributed in the landscape in a balanced manner, and the land use type of grassland transition was increased. The optimized land resources can better meet the ecological sustainable development goals, and their layout was more reasonable, providing auxiliary decision-making services for the future allocation of land resources in Kashgar area.