[Objective] The spatial coupling relationship between ecosystem services and residents’ well-being at mining area in the Western Shanxi Loess Plateau was studied in order to provide support for promoting the coordinated development of ecological environment and residents’ well-being in resource-intensive areas. [Methods] We took towns in Sanchuan River basin in Western Shanxi Province as the research units, and applied questionnaire survey, equivalent factor method, coupling coordination degree and geographic detector model to describe the spatial characteristics of coupling degree and coordination degree of ecosystem services and residents’ well-being of the basin in 2020, and to explore its driving factors. [Results] ① The spatial pattern of ecosystem service value showed high in the east and low in the west with obvious difference between the east and the west. ② The spatial pattern of residents’ well-being showed low in the middle and high in the east and west. ③ The spatial distribution of coupling coordination degree showed a feature of high in the east and low in the west with coordination state being the main factor, good coordination accounted for 58.9%. ④ The spatial difference of coupling coordination degree was affected by many factors, among which land use degree, vegetation cover degree and average annual precipitation were the main influencing factors, and the interaction between vegetation cover degree, land use degree and other factors had a greater impact on the coupling coordination degree. [Conclusion] The spatial coupling characteristics of ecosystem services and residents’ well-being in Sanchuan River basin are obviously different, and the dominant influencing factor is vegetation status. In the future, it is necessary to plan ecological space scientifically, focus on green development and ecological restoration in the central and western parts of the basin, and effectively improve residents’ well-being.