[Objective] The spatial distribution characteristics of agricultural production, social security, and ecological security of cultivated land in the Zuoyoujiang old revolutionary base area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were analyzed at the county level to provide a basis for optimizing the multi-functional allocation of cultivated land, and to promote coordinated regional development. [Methods] The entropy weight method and the coupling coordination degree method were used to calculate a coordination relationship of multifunctional cultivated land in 32 counties of the Zuojiang River in Guangxi by constructing a multifunctional evaluation system of cultivated land. The grey relational analysis method was used to reveal the influence of each index on the multi-functional system of cultivated land. [Results] From 2005 to 2020, the agricultural production capacity and ecological security maintenance capacity of cultivated land in the Zuoyoujiang area of Guangxi continued to increase, and the social security function declined. During the same period, the average value of the multi-functional comprehensive index of cultivated land in the counties of the Zuoyoujiang area of Guangxi exhibited differences, showing a distribution pattern of “high at the edge and low in the middle”. In terms of coupling coordination degree, the three subsystems of functional cultivated land have not yet reached the stage of benign resonance, but they are developing in a positive direction as a whole. The impact of each indicator on the overall function of cultivated land in the Zuoyoujiang area of Guangxi has transitioned from the population, cultivated land resource endowment, and factor input in 2005 to the level of economic development and urbanization in 2020. [Conclusion] In the future, according to the different dominant functions of cultivated land, each county can use cultivated land according to local conditions, so as to promote coordinated development among the multi-functional subsystems of cultivated land.