[Objective] The objectives of this study were to obtain a deep understanding of the research progress and future development trend regarding soil aggregates at home and abroad, identify the current issues of great interest with regard to soil aggregates, and provide a reference for researchers and decision makers in the field of soil aggregates. [Methods] Based on the Web of Science Citation Database, and with the help of VOSviewer, CiteSpace scientific atlas mapping software, and the BiblioShiny program analysis tool in the R language, a quantitative analysis was conducted on the number of publications, journals, countries (regions), institutions, keywords, and subject evolution of soil aggregate research. [Results] The number of papers published in the field of soil aggregates generally increased over time. In terms of national research strength, the top three countries were China, the United States, and Germany. The number of papers published by China far exceeded that of other countries, and accounted for 25.4% of all papers published relating to soil aggregates. Among the institutions conducting research on soil aggregates, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Northwest A&F University occupied the main positions. The main journals that published soil aggregate papers were Geoderma, Soil & Tillage Research, Catena, and Science of the Total Environment. The strategic coordinate map and keyword analysis showed that soil organic matter was the core subject of research in this field, and keywords such as “loess plateau”, “conservation agriculture”, “ecosystem services”, “soil health”, and “microbial community” were areas of intense research interest in this field in the past five years. [Conclusion] Under the background of climate change, research studies on soil aggregates, organic matter, and microbial biomass are on the frontier of soil aggregate research. Sustainable agricultural development, soil health, and interdisciplinary topics will become the focus of future research.