[Objective] The degree of coordinated development of ecological and economic systems in Shanxi Province and the factors influencing that development was determined in order to provide theoretical support and a scientific reference for promoting coordinated and high-quality ecological and economic development in the region. [Methods] Based on land use data of five periods from 2000 to 2020, we used the modified ecosystem service equivalent factor per unit area, combined with an ecosystem service value (ESV) assessment model, an ecological-economic coordination degree model, and a geographic probe and spatial analysis method to conduct a comprehensive study of ESV, economic development, and ecological-economic coordination degree in Shanxi Province. [Results] ESV in Shanxi Province from 2000 to 2020 decreased from RMB 324.173 billion to RMB 318.970 billion, showing a dynamic change characteristic of first increasing and then decreasing, except for the continued increase of forest land ESV. ESV for all other land use types decreased to different degrees, among which arable land decreased the most (5.42%). The ESV spatial distribution pattern was relatively stable, with high value areas located in mountainous areas such as the Taihang Mountains, the Taiyue Mountains, and the Luliang Mountains, and low value areas located in areas with intensive human activities such as the Taiyuan Basin, the Changzhi Basin, the Linfen Basin, and the Yuncheng Basin. The range has expanded over time. NDVI and urbanization rate had a greater influence on the coordination degree than GDP, population density, industrialization rate, and land development intensity. The remaining factors had a smaller influence on the coordination degree. The degree of influence of other factors on the coordination degree of eco-economic system was smaller, and the degree of influence of socio-economic factors on the coordination degree of the eco-economic system was significantly larger than that of natural environmental factors. [Conclusion] Human socio-economic activities were the key factors affecting the coordination degree of the eco-economic system. The rational development and effective utilization of regional water and soil resources were the key to understanding the coordinated and sustainable development of the eco-economic system in Shanxi Province.