[Objective] The ecological changes in Zhalong Nature Reserve since 2010 were studied accurately in order to provide data support and theoretical references for improving the ability to assess the value of wetland ecosystem services. [Methods] Based on remote sensing, meteorology, and ground-based observation data, the impacts of climate change on land cover, vegetation ecological quality, and net ecological productivity in Zhalong Nature Reserve were analyzed using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model, the Geostatistical Model of Soil Respiration (GSMSR) model, regression analysis, and other statistical methods. [Results] ① The main land cover type in Zhalong Nature Reserve was a water-bearing meadow, which accounted for 37.24% of the total area of the reserve, and was mainly located in the core area. This land cover type showed a downward trend over time in the area. ② Vegetation coverage showed a fluctuating growth pattern, with annual maximum vegetation coverage of 74.26%. ③ The vegetation ecological quality index showed an increasing trend and was characterized as being in the good level in 2019 and 2020. The average net ecological productivity (NEP) was 253.59 g/(m²·yr) (calculated in C), and showed a spatial distribution pattern of higher in the east and lower in the west. ④ The average carbon fixation during the growing season was 5.694×10⁵ tons/yr, and the oxygen release was 1.517×10⁶ tons/yr, both of which showed upward trends. ⑤ The impacts of air temperature on ecological monitoring indicators were greater than the impacts of precipitation. [Conclusion] Zhalong Nature Reserve is the most ecologically fragile area in Nenjiang River basin, and its vegetation productivity is greatly affected by climate. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen ecological protection and restoration.