[Objective] The relationship between grassland community and functional group quantity changes under grazing disturbance and soil wind erosion in grasslands was analyzed, and the influence of different functional groups on grassland erosion processes were determined to provide a theoretical basis for the rational use and protection of desert grasslands.[Methods] The study was conducted on desert grasslands of Stipa breviflora in Inner Mongolia. A completely randomized experiment was conducted with three grazing treatments:control (CK), moderate grazing (MG), and heavy grazing (HG). Sand transport and functional group characteristics under different treatments were determined.[Results] ① The height, coverage, and aboveground biomass of each functional group generally declined as grazing intensity increased. Appropriate grazing significantly increased the Simpson dominance index and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. ② Differences in sand transport among different grazing treatments were significant. Sand transport related to different heights followed the order of HG>MG>CK, and sand transport rate decreased significantly as height increased under the same grazing treatment. ③ There was an exponential negative correlation between height, coverage of each functional group, and sand transport, with the height changes of perennial grasses and perennial forbs having a more significant impact on sand transport. Aboveground biomass of each functional group was negatively correlated with sand transport, with the highest fitting degree observed between the biomass of perennial grasses and sand transport.[Conclusion] Overgrazing significantly affected functional group characteristics and reduced the windbreak and sand-fixing capacity of grasslands. Grazing intensity of desert grasslands in Inner Mongolia should be limited to moderate levels or below.