[Objective] The change characteristics and dynamic evolution trend of carbon neutral effect in 30 provinces (municipalities and regions) in China from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed, and the characteristics and internal motivation mechanism of ecological environment in agriculture and rural area were quantitatively revealed, in order to provide theoretical basis for further promoting the process of "carbon neutral" in agriculture and rural areas of China.[Methods] Based on the perspective of large agricultural production systems, 37 types of carbon sources and 28 types of carbon sinks were selected by the emission coefficient method to calculate the carbon neutrality effect for agriculture and rural areas in 30 provinces (municipalities and regions) in China during 2000-2020. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the carbon neutrality effect were determined, and its dynamic evolution characteristics were observed by the Kernel-Density method.[Results] ① The carbon neutral effect in China's agriculture and rural areas increased steadily over time, with an average annual increase of 2.79 %. The overall growth rate fluctuated, and the growth rate of carbon sinks was significantly faster than the growth rate of carbon emissions. ② The spatial imbalance of the carbon neutral effect in China's agriculture and rural areas increased significantly, showing a distribution pattern of "lower in the middle and higher in the periphery". The difference between provinces was obvious:the top 10 provinces (municipalities and regions) accounted for 66.42 % of the national carbon neutral effect, while the bottom 10 provinces (municipalities and regions) accounted for only 4.72 % of the national carbon neutrality effect. ③ The level of the carbon neutrality effect showed a distribution trend of "central region > eastern region > western region", and there were great differences between different regions. The planting industry was the largest source of emission reduction and sink increase. ④ The center of the carbon neutrality effect density function curve in China's agriculture and rural areas had shifted to the right as a whole, and the spatial gap between provinces (municipalities and regions) has gradually expanded. Unbalanced regional development was observed.[Conclusion] Low-carbon economy and modern agriculture are intertwined. All regions should formulate carbon neutral development plans in agriculture and rural areas according to local conditions, bring about an inter-regional carbon neutral coordination mechanism, and accelerate the process of carbon neutral in agriculture and in rural areas.