[Objective] The carbon emission efficiency of grain production was determined for 74 cities in the five provinces of Huang-Huai-Hai region, and spatial differentiation and dynamic evolution were quantified in light of the "double carbon" goals development strategy and goals. The current situation of carbon emission efficiency of grain production in the five provinces of Huang-Huai-Hai region was analyzed in order to promote green and low-carbon grain production in the region.[Methods] The carbon emission coefficient method and the three-stage super-efficiency SBM model were used to measure carbon emissions and carbon emission efficiencies of grain production for 74 cities in the five provinces of Huang-Huai-Hai region from 2011 to 2020. The spatial differentiation and dynamic evolution of carbon emission efficiency of grain production were then determined by means of the Theil index and kernel density estimation.[Results] ① Carbon emissions of grain production in the five provinces and cities of Huang-Huai-Hai region during the study period showed a fluctuating downward trend with an "M" shape, but the decline was slow. The use of chemical fertilizers was the main cause of grain carbon emissions. ② The carbon emission efficiency of grain production in the five provinces and cities of Huang-Huai-Hai region initially decreased and then increased. The average efficiency of the first stage was 0.59. Excluding the influence of environmental variables and random errors on the efficiency value, the average efficiency of the third stage was 0.48, which was 18.6 % lower than the efficiency value of the first stage. Chuzhou, Zhumadian, Dezhou, and other cities had higher efficiency values, while Huangshan, Weihai, and other cities had lower efficiency values. ③ The spatial differences of the carbon emission efficiency of grain production was on the rise, and the differences within the region were the main factor affecting the overall difference, among which the difference between cities in Henan Province was the most significant. ④ During the sample investigation period, the core density curve changed from a "single-peak shape" to a "double-peak shape" where the main peak showed a fluctuating rise and a slight shift to the right, and the secondary peak maximum was smaller, indicating that the overall level of carbon emission efficiency of grain production in the five provinces of Huang-Huai-Hai region had increased, regional differences had increased, and the region showed a multi-polar trend.[Conclusion] The overall level of carbon emission efficiency of grain production in the five provinces of Huang-Huai-Hai region was low, and there were obvious spatial differentiation characteristics. In the future, all regions should reduce the input of materials such as chemical fertilizers, and adopt the strategy of "counterpart assistance" to promote the positive interaction of grain production technology in various regions so as to narrow regional differences in the carbon emission efficiency of grain production among regions.