[Objective] The long-term target value and stage target values of soil and water conservation rate were discussed and defined in Shaanxi Province in order to provide scientific support for accurately evaluating the effect of soil and water conservation work and to scientifically promote the comprehensive prevention and control of soil and water loss. [Methods] The social and economic conditions and the natural conditions of Shaanxi Province were comprehensively considered to analyze the change of soil and water loss area and the change of soil and water conservation rate using the assessment results from annual water conservancy yearbooks and national soil and water conservation planning. Spatial data for soil erosion classification, land use, elevation, topography and vegetation cover data were obtained. The situation of soil and water loss control in Shaanxi Province was studied. The long-term target value of soil and water conservation rate in 2050, and the stage target values in 2025, 2030 and 2035 were determined. These results were combined with a target responsibility system assessment, and a process to achieve the target rate of soil and water conservation was proposed. [Results] ① Since 2011, the area of soil and water loss for the entire province has decreased from 72 686 km² to 62 637 km² in 2022. ② By 2050, after implementation of soil and water loss control measures, the area of soil and water loss is expected to be reduced by 21 607 km² and the long-term target value of soil and water conservation rate will be 79.02%. ③ The stage target values for 2025, 2030, and 2035 will be 71.42%, 73.97%, and 75.62%, respectively. [Conclusion] Scientific and reasonable determination of the target value of soil and water conservation rate in Shaanxi Province can meet the needs of carrying out the assessment of the ecological civilization construction target and the assessment of soil and water conservation target in Shaanxi Province.