[Objective] The ecosystem types in the Taihang Mountain area of Hebei Province were scientifically identified in order to provide a basis for understanding the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of ecosystems in the area and to support ecosystem classification management. [Methods] Based on the classification principle of realms-biomes-ecosystem (RBE) functional groups, a classification system including 3 primary classes, 8 secondary classes and 24 tertiary classes was constructed, and multi-source data was integrated to carry out classification mapping of the ecosystems in the Taihang Mountains area in Hebei Province in 2000 and 2020. The spatio-temporal evolution of ecosystem services was analyzed based on the RUSLE model, the InVEST model, and hot spot analysis. [Results] ① The construction land ecosystem in the Taihang Mountain area increased the most during the past 20 years, mainly coming from the farmland ecosystem. The farmland ecosystem decreased by 61 105.95 hm² and was dominated by rain-fed farmland. Due to the influence of human activities, the areas of rivers and constructed wetlands increased by 5 584.32 hm² and 2 535.66 hm², respectively, while the areas of forest and grassland ecosystems decreased by 0.96% and 8.18%, respectively. The area of the unused land ecosystem decreased by 5 800.68 hm² due to the ecological protection measures instituted in the study area. ② The distribution of ecosystem types affected the overall distribution pattern of ecosystem service values, with high values in the west and low values in the east. The exception was for food supply service values where the distribution was low in the west and high in the east, mainly because farmland was located in the eastern region. ③ The spatial distribution of cold spots and hot spots generally overlapped, but there were still differences. [Conclusion] The classification system proposed in this study is feasible, with a classification accuracy of greater than 80%, which is in line with the trend for ecosystem type changes in the study area. This classification system can provide scientific support for the identification of mountain ecosystem classification and ecosystem protection and restoration policies, thereby promoting the realization of mountain ecological development goals and sustainable development.