[Objective] The landscape ecological pattern of the Jialing River basin was analyzed to enhance ecosystem service functions and stabilize the ecosystem to reduce ecological risks, thereby providing a scientific basis for promoting regional sustainable development. [Methods] The study was conducted for the Jialing River basin, an important ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The dynamic equivalent ecological service value model (ESV) evaluation results were used to identify ecological sources based on the optimal spatial scale of the ecological risk index model (ERI) evaluation results to determine the ecological resistance surface. These results were combined with the minimal cumulative resistance model (MCR) to extract an ecological corridor construction landscape network. [Results] ① From 2005 to 2020, ESV in the Jialing River basin was high in the north and low in the south, with a fluctuating growth trend. In total, ecosystem service value increased by 2.10×10¹⁰ yuan, and the contribution rate of woodland was the highest (50%), with contribution rates of 25% for grassland and 14% for farmland. ② The particle size and amplitude for suitable analysis in the Jialing River basin were 150 m and 750 m, respectively. From 2005 to 2020, ERI showed a pattern of higher in the northwest and lower in the central and south, with a decreasing trend over time. ③ The entire ecological network distribution presented a northwest-southeast direction. Eleven ecological sources were identified, with a total area of 36 297.19 km², 365 potential ecological corridors, and 133 ecological nodes. Among them, there were 47 important ecological corridors and 39 important ecological nodes. ④ Key ecological protection areas should be constructed as new ecological sources, and development in the Jialing River basin should be restricted. There are six road-type ecological corridors, three green-type ecological corridors, 13 river-type ecological corridors, and 24 ecological nodes were identified. [Conclusion] After optimization, the ecological network density of the Jialing River basin increased, running through the full range of ecological sources, and the overall connectivity was improved. These results could provide new ideas for the pattern of ecological watershed restoration, and strategies for ecological protection and sustainable development.