[Objective] The characteristics of soil and water loss and the effects of different soil and water conservation measures in Xi’an urban production and construction projects were investigated to provide scientific basis for improving the soil and water loss environment in Xi’an City and formulating more accurate and effective policies and measures. [Methods] Eighty-four production and construction projects in Xi’an City in 2022 were used as case studies, and a soil erosion evaluation system, which included three indicators such as water loss ratio, soil erosion ratio, and green space ratio, was constructed. The TOPSIS method was used to assess the water and soil loss risks associated with each project. [Results] ① The surface changes mainly shifted from rural homesteads, grasslands, idle land, and cultivated land to construction land. Among these changes, the conversion of rural homesteads constituted the primary form, accounting for approximately 70% of the total transfer area. ② Green space ratio increased in 83% of urban production and construction projects. Among the production and construction projects, there was a decreasing trend in the runoff losses observed in 61% of the cases in the order as follows: new real estate ＜ commercial services ＜ education and medical care ＜ municipal facilities ＜ urban village renovation projects. Approximately 54% of the production and construction projects successfully reduced soil erosion risks, with significant reductions observed in new real estate projects on cultivated land, grasslands, and idle land. But urban village renovation projects can increase regional soil erosion levels. The average reduction in water loss in all the projects was 3.58×10⁴ m³, and the average annual soil erosion decreased by 169.05 tons. ③ The risk of soil erosion in production and construction projects in Xi’an City were classified into four levels: high, medium, low, and very low. The projects classified as low and very low levels accounted for 69% of the total, with a particular focus on urban village renovation projects. All the projects involved in the occupation of grassland were classified as high risk. [Conclusion] Production and construction projects in Xi’an City have shown significant effectiveness in preventing soil and water erosion; however, they need to be improved further. In the future, it will be necessary to further strengthen the management of soil and water erosion risks in these projects.