[Objective] Ecological performance is an important indicator to reflect the stable development of ecological and economic systems, which can show the coordination between ecological protection and high-quality development, and the scientific evaluation of ecological performance is of great significance to the sustainable development of the Yellow River Basin in Shanxi. [Method] Taking the Yellow River Basin in Shanxi as the study area, we constructed a theoretical framework based on the "Pressure-State-Response" model, and applied the methods of InVEST, SFA and coupling coordination degree to evaluate the spatial and temporal interactions of ecological performance from 2010 to 2020, and carried out bottom-up ecological performance optimization partitioning based on the current situation of ecological performance level and spatial distribution characteristics. The optimization zoning of ecological performance was carried out bottom-up based on the current situation of ecological performance level and spatial distribution characteristics. [Result] ①From 2010 to 2020, the ecosystem services index of the Yellow River Basin in Shanxi increased by 2.27%, and the spatial distribution was "north-south vertical, high and low", forming a double-core pattern mainly in the Lvliang Mountains and Taiyue Mountains-Zhongtiao Mountains. ②From 2010 to 2020, the ecological efficiency of the Yellow River Basin in Shanxi increased by 43.48%, and the spatial distribution was "low in the centre and high in the periphery".③From 2010 to 2020, the ecological performance of the Yellow River Basin in Shanxi increased by 35.29%, with a spatial distribution of "low in the centre and high in the periphery". ④Based on the characteristics of spatial differentiation of ecological performance, the study area was divided into ecological performance remodelling area, ecological performance improvement area, ecological performance buffer area, ecological performance enhancement area and ecological performance conservation area, and the targeted ecological performance improvement paths were proposed. [Conclusion] The study breaks through the traditional understanding and evaluation of ecological performance, and proposes a coupled evaluation system of “ecosystem services +ecological efficiency”, which provides a new way of thinking for the study of ecological performance.