[Objective] Spatial and temporal succession patterns and predictions of ecosystem carbon storage in the Miyun Reservoir basin from 1985 to 2035 were conducted to provide a scientific basis for the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and sands and the optimization of ecological compensation standards under the goal of “double carbon” in the basin. [Methods] The InVEST-PLUS model was used to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of carbon storage in the basin during 1985—2020, and the changing trend of carbon storage under three scenarios (natural development, cultivated land protection, and ecological protection) in 2035 was predicted. [Results] ① During 1985—2020, the ecosystem carbon storage of Miyun Reservoir basin showed a continuous growth trend, and the carbon storage increased by 4.03×10⁷ t in 35 years. The largest contributors to carbon storage were forest land, grassland, and cultivated land, which accounted for approximately 98% of the total carbon storage. ② In 2035, the carbon storage of the basin will tend to increase under the three simulation scenarios. In the protection scenario, owing to the increase in forestland area, carbon storage remains at a high level. ③ Carbon storage in the basin showed a spatial pattern of 'higher in the south-central part and lower in the west and northeast’. The south-central part corresponds to the mountainous landform of the basin, which was the core area of water conservation, and the forest coverage rate was higher, while the west and northeast were mainly distributed in grassland, cultivated land, and urban construction land, with relatively lower carbon storage. [Conclusion] Carbon storage is consistent with the spatial pattern of land use. The consolidation and improvement of ecosystem carbon storage can be promoted by increasing forests and grasslands through ecological construction, controlling the transfer of forest land, and reasonably controlling the expansion of construction land.