Abstract:Shen-fu Coal-field in North Shaanxi formed during Jurassic period, one of the world famous coal-fields, will be an important base of superior quality coal for export and power in China. If no efficient measures should be taken, opening of the mine and associated road building, setting-up of power stations and other capital constructions on large scale, will surely creat the problems of huge water loss, serious soil erosion and environment pollution. Basing on investigation, this article predicts the local water loss and soil erosion by mining on macroview. It also proposes control measures, preventive strategies and some rational suggestions from the view point of comprehensive control by soil and water conservation to serve the construction of an energy resource base better.

Abstract:Shanxi Province is the famous energy and heavy chemical engineering base in our country, For many years, it is due to successively blasting operation, wantonly excavating ore and stone, discharging large amout of waste water and dregs from factories, mines and other enterprises, and destroying forest and grass cover without restraint，serious environment nuisance has been produced, such as seizing and destroying a number of land resources，worsening water quality commonly，violent soil and water loss，silting of many river beds, reservoirs and irrigation canal systems, serious environment pollution and so on. All these threaten the security of life and property of millions of inhabitants and harm the realization of four modernization. Now some factories and mines have begun to treat the waste water and discharged dregs,to utilize gangue and blast furnace water一ash multiply, Furthermore, they have adopted engineering and biological measures to conserve soil and water and have paied attention to ecological environment protection.

Abstract:Wind with sand is very great in west region of Jilin province. About 444,000 hectares of the wind erosion areas in 12 major counties and cities of the region have been controlled through hard efforts for many years since liberation, which is 82% of the total original wind erosion areas. This generates an important effect on lightening wind and sand harm, improving ecological environment and raising agricultural production level. It is unfortunate for the destruction from the 3-year-long economic difficulty, the influence of the "left" mistakes for long time and the decade of domestic turmoil disturbance to have enabled the wind erosion areas increasing greatly from 543,000 hectares just after liberation to 1.4 million hectares in recent years. Now there are 1.2 million hectares of desert and desert-blighted land to reform besides 220,000 hectares with serious wind erosion, having not tillaged for two years. Most part of the wind erosion area is with the flowing dunes, which is pouring into villages and small towns in 20m per year. Many farmers' yards have been piled up 1 metre high with sand, their doors buried. Because of the shortage of the "Three Materials", the local residents still have a poor life, The main control measures suggested are as follows: 1, putting the land to rational use, changing the tillage system from extensive cultivation and poor harvest to deep ploughing and intensive cultivation; 2, planting trees and grasses substantially, developing the rural energy resources actively, controlling the wind erosion completely to improve the ecological environment effectively; 3, popularizing the way of the household contract control, implementing the concerned policies seriously, increasing the profits of the controlling and speeding up the harnessing.

Abstract:Controversy over quick or slow building of "Three Gorges Project" in Yangtze River have lasted over 30 years. The reasons of a few people who vigorously hold building the project are these to emphasize benefits right before eyes and of a few aspects, such as generating electricity, retaining flood and openning navigation, but that neglects the submergence loss, emigrant in a large amount, sedimentation, bringing out earthquake, geology calamity, ecological disaster and cultural relics destroy, etc.. However, most of scientists advocating to put off the "Three Gorges Project" analysed the environment of the Three Gorges Area and all of the Yangtze River Valley, drawn the lessons at all time and in all countries, and considered the special condition and ability in economy of our country. Meanwhile, they take the international struggling situation into full account after having quoted a vast amount of investigation data.

Abstract:This paper indicates that the Three Gorges Project will not solve the serious problems of Yangtze River, but can make enormous loss and bring out trouble in future, i.e., the losing is greater than getting, so the meritorious worker in building the Three Gorges Project maybe the sinner in future. Meanwhile, the paper shows that the fundamental strategy of developing and utilizing Yangtze resources should be expanding"forest reservoir"and protecting land resources in order to make a virtuous cycle of ecosystem in Yangtze Valley.

Abstract:A lot of things have been prepared for the Three Gorges Project for thirty years, but some questions still need to be studied. The problems from environment is an obvious one. The developed countries in the world have practised the evaluating systems to the effect impacting environment, and put the ecological problems at the first place. To protect the environment, a few countries have stopped constructing the large-scale dams. Many bitter lessons, such as the late troubles of the Three-Gates-Gorge Dam of our country, the disasters producedby the collapsing of both Banqiao and Shijintan Reservoirs, and the pitiful pictures of near 5,000 dams bursted in cur country during thirty years, have created astonishing losses. The sequelae left from the drowning of the reservoirs and the emigrants' live have came into an incovenient social problem difficult to solve. Past lessons, if not forgotten, is the guide for the future. The internal and external lessons ought to be drawed, the scientific research and the evaluate to all the effects listed above on the ecological environment be strengthened in practice in order to take preventive measures when the Three Gorges Project is constructed. Then, it is possible to bring benefit to mankind.

Abstract:A whole slide of a loosen and accumulated collapsing earth slope bursts out in Tufengyan-Majiaba of Zigui County in Yangtze Three Gorges on July 16th, 1986. The slide belongs to an especially large landslide of wiggling type with rainstorm. Under the restraining of two gullies which extends southnorth direction, the plane shape of the landslide appears as a long bag pattern along eastwest direction with 250-500m long and 2,400m wide and the area is about 1 km~2, the volume about 30 million cubic metres. Part of the landslide have been moving wigglely downward and changing its form, if these parts fall into Luogudong River, they will pile up a dangerous earthrock dam and if the dam cracks, the life and the property of the inhabitants who live in lower reaches of the river would be endangered. So, drainage and monitoring and forecast must be taken into full account around the landslide in order to take precaution against accidents.

Abstract:Following Jifazi landslide occurred in 1982 and Xintian landslide in 1985, a catastrophic landslide of Majiaba in Zigui County occurred on 16 July, 1986, about 7.5 km south of Yangtze River, being a complete revice of historic dormant landslide. Its revice was triggered by particularly heavy rainfall. The reactivated landslide attained a volume of 30 million m~3. Being due to damming gully by rock collapse at upper part of the slope, impounding water level in the gully rose rapidly, flooding emptied both-sidely into ancient slide deposits in a short time, creating a strong dynamic-statical water pressure, pushing ancient slide deposits on the middle-lower part of the slope to move downward till the valley. The gravity center of the gliding mass is higher now, there are many ruptures on the ground, both sides natural drains are filled by sliding deposits, therefore there must be a tendency of damming river. Taking continually monitor of slide movement, sliding, warning repairing drain system, transforming paddy fields into dry land, ramming ruptures on the ground can be taken as countermeasures.

Abstract:Referred to the schematic circuit diagrams of foreign products, a HLY-01 model of automatic bucket flow gauge was developed. This flow gauge is composed of the collecting flow unit and the signal output unit and coupled with a microcomputor and a multipoint recorder, The gauge can be used for automatic measurement and record of flow discharge at a far distance and run well in a long time. The capacity of measurement is at 3 litres per minute. The accuracy of flow discharge is within 500cc±5%.

Abstract:Soil erosion reduces the effective water available to plant, and loses the soil nutrient material with the soil fertility structure destroyed, effecting the farm tillage system. So, the soil productivity is cut down to a great extent. Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculators (EPIC) quantify the relationship systematically between soil erosion and soil productivity. The models involve 9 factors, that is, hydrology, meteorology, water erosion and wind erosion, the state of nitrogen and phosphorus, soil temperature, crop growth, tillage and treatment of crop residue, economic factors, and irrigation-drainage of soil as well as fertilization, etc. They are expressed with 36 equations. To protect and raise the soil productivity, we should develop and enhance this research in order to formulate EPIC with distinguishing Chinese feature.

Abstract:The 13th Congress of International Soil Science Society was convened in Hamburg's Conference Centre of the Federal Republic of Germany on August 13—20, 1986. 1, 253 representatives from 82 countries, attended the Congress and offered 894 papers. 8 pieces of the papers were reporte in the Congress. All the papers had been published in 4 volumes. During the Congress, the content of academic exchange was abundant and its form diverse. Meanwhile, the representatives were organized to go to Holland, Swizerland and Austria, etc. to make a journey along 14 routes for soil investigation. They also visited International Training Centre and International Soil Resource and Information Centre. 35 Chinese representatives attended the Congress and submitted 39 papers, 20 piece of them were reported at the Session. The 14th Congress of International Soil Science Society will be held in Japan in 1990. Following the Congress, part of the representatives will arrive in our country to investigate the Chinese soil.