Abstract:The land in Fujian that was with picturesque scenery, intensive forest and harvesting grain is with grievous soil and water loss due to the human destruction. At present, some area are with mountain being nol green and rugged rocks, rivers being not clear and flowing mud. According to a statistics in 1984 the whole soil and water loss area of the province is 14,000km~2, being as greater as four times of that in 1958, and occupying 11. 2 % of the total area of the province.The number of counties and cities with serious soil and water loss is increased from 22 in 1966 to 35 at present, soil and water loss could be found in all the counties. The harm of soil and water loss results in the loss of fertile soil, degradation of land productivity, lifting of river bed, deposition of the harbour line, dead reservoir from deposition, reduction of the hydraulic engineering benefits and the shortage of energy resource.Since the Third Plenery Session of the Eleventh Central Committee the spring of soil and water conservation comes. In the seven years from 1982 to 1988 through the coordination of departments, mobilization and relying of the masses, intensifying the consciousness of soil and water loss, strengthening leadership according to actual condition, taking prevention as major work and controlling in law, taking point to bring the whole and to accelerate the harness step, perfecting the responsibility system, performing the harness by household, conducting the coordination of departments, strengthening the scientific and technical research and raising the harness level, etc.,the preliminary benefits are obtained.

Abstract:In order to increase benefit from erosion control, several ways which took vegetation measures as principal one had been made according to the view of ecologic economy and erosion characteristics in Fujian province. These ways include closing off the afforested hills with planting, planting grass and shrubs as first step, and then combining trees with fodder grasses, shrubs, establishing ecological fruit garden, improving tea garden for erosion control, stump control and utilization, etc. Through those ways, 410.6 thousand hectare of land in erosion had been harnessed in Fujian, significant ecologic and economic benefits had been achicved from 1983 to the end of 1987.

Abstract:Nowadays the soil and water conservation work has come into a new stage of development, talking about benefit and economy becomes the popular words of the mass of peasants. The peasants in the soil loss rerion expect urgently to change the poor feature and economic position through the harness of soil loss, the key point that whether it could be realized is that the soil and water conservation measures should produce outstanding benefit in economy. It is suggested to fully utilize the resources of water and soil, to develop economic forest and fruit actively, to popularize the stereoscopic planting greatly, to set base for commodity production and to replenish and perfect the manage systems, etc.

Abstract:When harnessing soil and water loss of Zhangzhou City, they persist in the principle that the harness is combined with development and utilization, establish numerous of fuel forest and base of fruit trees, which bring the benefits of ecology, society and economy into full play. In the establishment of base of faster-growing fuel forest as the technics of tree variety selection, seedling cultivation by nutrient bag, land reforming and fertilization, etc., is noticed the quality of the base is raised. In the construction of production base of fruit trees, the construction of standard terrce, selection of fine varilies of fruit trees and the stereoscopic plant in multiple layers and grades are stressed the survial and preserve rates are raised and the fruit production is vigorous.

Abstract:To control the soil and water loss of the eroded area in Hetian County, the suitability observation and growth analysis has been done for many years and get conclusion. It advanced that developing economic forest should take Acacia mearnsii and Dalbergia balensae as major part. Forest for soil and water conservation should be mixed with trees and shrubs, that is, Pinus massoniana+Cyclobalanopis myrsinaefolia+Lespedeza formosana. Better variety for firewood is Eucalyptus camaldulensis. In respect to plant fruit trees it is suggested to develop Prunus persica, Prunus salicina,Prunus mume, Myrica rubra and Castanea mollissima in priority.

Abstract:The hillocks mainly distributes in the earth hill formed with granite of sounthern and western part of the Province, shaped in dipper-like, strip and curve. In the point of view of formation the collapse of hillock is divided in f positions of slope surface, precipice, hillock and alluvial fan. The better way is to plant grass and shrubs in mixing on slope,the principal plants for precipice are climbing vines planted along the top and down ridges of precipice;the collapsing site is harnessed according to special conditions, maily planted with coniferous trees;the alluvial fan is thought to be easy in erosion and shoud be planted with trees, shrubs and grasses simultaneously to control soil and water loss. The control of collapse of hillock takes the botanical measures as the predominent way that is supported by engineering measures.

Abstract:From the nineteenth century many scientific scholars have been making hard exploration to establish the scientific system of soil and water conservation in the world,publishing the results and papers on the machanism of soil erosion,raising the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE),and writing the book of 《Soil Erosion》that drawn an outline of the system. However,the subject still remains the level that "employs "the theories from other subjects to explain the problems of soil erosion. Members of the symposium organized by the Soil and Water Conservation Association of Southern China think that the current system of China could be epitomized in the view of comprehension,pracaticality,amphibian and independence.

Abstract:Due to different natural conditions and social and economical state, the forming process of the scientific system of soil and water conservation is different in countries, each of which has its own stressed points. The system of new China is characterized with complete system,wider range related to the subject, rich content in the study, it applies the modern science and technology, such as systematic methodology, remote sensing technics, computer and other newly developed ones to equipe the scientific study of soil and water conservation of China, and uses social economy, populationology, and the study of commodity to make plan, implementation and analysis of the benefit.

Abstract:The runoff and sediment on slope plot are measured with water concentrate pond or box currently, which could measure amount of runoff and sediment of a single storm rainfall but not the dynamic change of them during the process of rainfall, and could not determine the amount of runoff and sediment under various intensities accurately. Because the installations currently used in small watershed are mostly for artificial measurement at fixed time, it is difficult to determine the variation of runoff with time precisely and is with greater errow in measurement, the pracaticality of the data is poor. The paper introduces the station to measure runoff and sediment automatically, set in two experimental small watersheds in Sunjigou gully at Tienongwan Forestry Field of Yichuan county, to evaluate the benefits of forest in reduction of water and sediment. The two stations may provide the data on the flow process of flood short in the study of runoff and sediment, being thought as the efficient tools for the dynamic monitoring of runoff and sediment.

Abstract:This paper estimates methods of measuring rill erosion amount. It is admitted that volume method is simple, convenient and suitable to use in the feild, but its precision is lower. In order to improve its precision,the paper puts forward the method of choosing Yang and method of measuring and calculating estimated the rill erosion amount used the volume method in the field. By analysing data, the paper has further given linear equation calculaling precise value according to the measuring value of the volume method. The author considers that measuring and calculating the rill erosion amount used the method raised in this paper in the field is convenient and obtains precise value.

Abstract:In the determination of soil fluorine on the loess area the method of alkali melting-ion opting eletrode, compared with colorimetric analysis by fluorine reagent and by atizarin-zirconium sulphonate, titration by the thorium nitrate, is with the characters of wider measuring range of 0.05-1, 900mg/l, better selection, simple and faster determination, etc..The results obtained with the method show that the rate of recovery is 93-101%, the variation coefficient is mostly less than 5%. The comparison with fluorine content of standard sample demonstrates that the determined results obtained with alkali melting-ion opting electrode are accurater and preciser.

Abstract:The mountainous region is 70% of the national area in China and with rich natural resource. The harness and development of mountainous area occupies an important position of strategy in the national economy construction, which should be taken overall consideration with other factors in the stressed developing area and the developed coastal region to bring each of the superiorities into effects,to aid and promote each other and to develop in coordination. The grievous soil and water loss of mountainous area is the root of poverty and the major obstruction to development. The soil and water conservation is to prevent soil and water loss, to protect and utilize the resource of soil and water rationally, and to improve the ecological environment, to reduce the natural disasters,to develop multiple commodity economy to overcome poverty and get rich,being regarded as the fundamental assurance of the basic construction such as communication, mining, etc., and as the base to develop mountainous region. The general policy for the harness and development of the mountainous region is taking prevention as principal work, combining harness with management, overall planning, harnessing comprehensively, to develop maiuly multiple commodity econmy to overcomep overty and get rich rapidly, without relaxing the grain production. The sense and function should be translated to the track that takes prevention as main work, that the new soil and water loss is controlled through the reinforcing of supervision and legal system. Meanwhile, the policy, science and input are relied, especially various levels of soil and water conservation systems of organizations are to be established and improved to strengthen soil and water conservation and the development of mountainous region to make greater contributions to the construction of socialist modernization.

Abstract:The paper mainly clarifies the origin of the main body of Huangshan and the combination of pine and stone.The place is thought as the heavengranted resource for tour, and should be protected meticulousl and treasured in redouble to establish the systems of protection and serving for the development of tourism and the promotion of southern Anhui province.

Abstract:In the fourty years since the establishment of new China, the installation of the soil and water conservation of the country is in the state of now exsisting, now diminishing, looking like exsisting but not existing, looking like administration or cause but not,being very unstable and vaque. The work looks like conducting but not,and is made in intermission and gets half the result with twice the effort, which results in the destruction while harnessing that is much less than destruction and the increase of soil and water loss area in double rate,the harm of which is increased day by day. It is raised that the soil and water conservation organization of country level should be an entity of administrative leading body from replenishing the current leading group of water resource, soil and water conservation under the State Council,that the standing working organization be in charge of the office of vice-minister level that directs the secretariat,the departments of plan and finance, supervise, harness, science and education,at the same time to set up the college and the academy (institute) of soil and water conservation,that the corresponding organizations be established in provinces,districts, and counties,based on local conditions.