Abstract:From the point of view of the coordinative utilization of water and soil conservation and livestock development, this paper analyses the relationship between the benefits of water and soil conservation and livestock development in Wufendi Small Watershed of Zhunger banner, and also discusses the ways and measures to develop livestock production in the watershed, thus providing the scientific base for -the effe ctive and rational utilization of forage resources, and sustainably and stably developing livestock production in the whole Huangpuchuan watershed.

Abstract:This paper analyses the component materials and their properties of 7 kinds of land surfaces including mountain lands, loessal hills, valley basin lands, gneiss, carbonatitle, sandy shale and loess and other physical factors such as olimate and hydrology, etc. of thesystem of ten rivers in the upper reaches of the Haihe River in Shanxi province using the method of combination of points with whole. Also, itdeals with the conditions of genesis of soil erosion and its basic laws thereby to put forward the divisions of water and soil erosion and its control ways and practices.

Abstract:Soil erosion on the loess plateau is very serious with water erosion in the main in most parts of the region. In water erosion area, soil erosion is caused by the several few heavy rainfalls. Soil erosion on the loess plateau is very complicated with various types of gully erosion in the main characterized with vertical belt erosion. Soil erosion on the slope land consists of the major part of totaI erosion in the Ziwuling Mountain area. This paper also discusses the effects of vegetation cover upon soil erosion.

Abstract:The mountain area in the east part of Liaoning province is one of the prority areas with mud-rook flow distributed in China. This paper deals with the basic conditions of mud-rock flow in this region and suggests that the heavy rain is the main factor causing mud-rock flow formation in this region. Physical weathering and rift structure are the important process to form the loose solid materials in mud-rock flow. Rock properties and vegetation cover have an important effect upon mudrock flow. Finally, this paper points out that the engineering practices in the immediate future and the biological measures including forests and vegetation covers in the distance future are the principles of controlling mud-rock flow in the mountain areas in the east part of Liaoning province

Abstract:Based on the study of the environmental capacity of the small watershed system, this paper suggests that Wangjia Village Small Watershed can feed the maximum bulk of population under the steady conditions, and at the same time, it works out the corresponding optimum bulk of population, thus, making the comprehensive control of small watershed on the reliable and scientific base.

Abstract:The newly-eroded area caused by sloving the problem of food and feul shortage in the Huaihe River watershed is about 38.88 million mu, accounting for 44% of total eroded area in the mountain and hill areas in the whole watershed, of which the indiscriminate mountain land reclamation is 3 million mu; cultivated slopping lands, 10 million mu; blank lands and forest and food crop intereropping lands, 4 million mu; and indiscriminate deforestration are 16.8 million mu. As a result, the amount of eroded soil can reach 120 million tons, accounting for 52% of total eroded soil. Based on the analysis of erosion problem, This paper suggests such measures as conservation of the existing forest and vegetation cover and water and soil resources, introduction of energy-saving techniques, selection of fine crop varieties, doing a large-scale work on water and soil conservation, seriously controlling erosion on slopping lands, planting firewood trees, and carrying out comprehensive controlling progfamines with small watersheds as the controlling unit so as to solve the problem of soil erosion caused by the shortage of food and firewood.

Abstract:Through the field surveys and interpretation of air photoes in different stages, this paper studied the land reclamation activities by human beings the loessal hilly areas in 30 years. Based on the obtained preliminary information and the characteristic of soil erosion and siltation of reservoirs, this paper also analyses and discusses the time variations and spacial distributions of waste land reclamation activities and its effects upon soil erosion and sediment production, the base was given for discussion of the relation between human activities in production and acceleration of soil erosion.

Abstract:This paper introduces the basic situations in the black soil area and analyses the damage caused by soil erosion and causes, and also, systematically probes the relationship between water and soil conservation and food crop yields. This indicates the important role of water and soil conservation in the tranforming low-yield farmlands in the black soil area. Alao, it suggests some measures to conserve soil and water and to transform Iow-yield farmlands.