Abstract:It takes a long history to engage in the work of planning and managing of soil and water conservation in China.The authors, with having a hand in and their experience.review the research advance after foundation of PRC for more than 40 years, such as the systematiz-ing and specializing on land classification, the inlaid pattern of rational arrangement for landuse, the balance of economic and ecological system in people-land-agricultural products circle.the remote sensing application in investigation on land resources and monitor on ratio-nal land use, the establishing and application of GIS.etc.The research on planning and man-aging for soil and water conservation in future is also prospected, it should include the ecu-nomic, social, scientific and educational aspects of countryside in hilly area.The conservation-fists should go abroad, especially go to south semi-globe to carry out their work there.

Abstract:Mapping study, “1:15 000 000 Soil Erosion Map of China"and "1:15 000 000 Soil and Water Conservation Map of China”, has been carried out, in which almost all investigation data published on soil erosion and conservtion in China since the founding of I RC were integrated, therefore a sketch classification system of soil erosion and conservation were suggested, and the method of soil erosion harmfulness evaluation was put forward.The study shows:1.there are not only various types of soil erosion in China, but also with severely intensity and harmfulness to industry and agriculture;2.the geographical differentiation of erosion is distinctly and clearly-there are three erosion regions, i.e.the east China water erosion region, the northwest China wind erosion region, Tibetan plateau freeze一thraw erosion region.And seven sub-regions and twenty-five areas of soil erosion were identified according to the erosion types and its geo-compound, the small scale plan of soil and water conservation of China is as follows:the key regions of erosion which have to be controlled in China is in the east China because of the dense population and important human geographical location一the centre of China politics.culture, and economics.In some areas of region, such as the loess plateau, the northwest China undulating hills, thenorth China Mts.and hills, Sichuan basin with purle soil, the south Yangtze R.hills, the southwest China landslide and mud-rock active belt and so on, should be paid more attention to and controlled immediately.As for the west, the key region is located in oasis.and the basin of Yarlungzangbo river.

Abstract:Soil and water conservation planning is a applied science which based on the basic theory of soil and water conservation, it combines the thought and method of management theory, systematic principle and policy decision theory into a whole. Based on the sustained development, the application of soil and water conservator measures should be disposed in a systematic and organic way which not only suit to the local conditions, but also suit to the different period. The differentia between plan region and service object determine its stage character. The category of plan and its relation with the ecnomic development have been enhanced rapidly day by day. The planning for lage-scale development projects area have been become as the main body of soil and water conservation plan. The information collection method, as well as technology of prediction and policy decision need a new breakthrough, The orientation of planning technique development is the quantitative and dynamic analysis method.

Abstract:Some questions about soil and water conservation programming are discussed in the light of the practices in Jilin province and abroad.Eco-economic balance of the erosion district should be brought under notice in the process of carrying out the programming, the analysis to extent of soil and water conservation benefits needs to be defined ungently, the standards of soil and water conservation works should be raised properly.On the same time, in the programming, soil and water conservation work and the river control must be linked up.Besides, the design manual of the programming should be compiled, the content of the programming should be increased and the ligend should be standardized.

Abstract:In order to carrying out the plan of soil and water conservation program design successfully, the authors study several principal problems as follows:1.the basic thought of soil and water conservation program design.2.the starting of soil and water conservation in pragram design.3.the definition of resource utilization in the desing.4.the mechanism of rational utilization for agricultural resources in carrying out the plan of the program design

Abstract:Based on analysis to the basic content of soil and water conservation planning.the problem of how to define the content and depth of soil and water conservation planning was studied.It is pointed out that the size of planning unit area.the characteristics of studied area·the character and requirement of planning mission，the general policies and economic conditions etc.are the main basis for macroscopic difining to the content and depth of soil and water conservation panning.

Abstract:Based on the systematic review for planning work of soil and water conservation within the last yews, the author points out that integrative an d clewr technological criteria are needed in respects of district classification, data obtaining.quota Calculation and so on From a long-term point of view and present thought.it is necessary to make cut some technoiogical criteria which is systematic in content.rational in structure.advanced in tecilenique.clear in method and simple in execution.And this work should be done on the basis of caretully summing up the working experience in different area.

Abstract:To use land resources rationally, to control soil and water loss and to protect cultivated land for development of economics in the area with serious loss of soil and water, the landuse division are conducted with the method of fuzzy clustering analysis.As a result, three districts and seven subdistricts are obtained, and the general situatian'and landuse direction at different districts are discribed.

Abstract:Faced to the problems of environmental resources diagnosis and land resources utilization decision during the regional comprehensive control and development, a current expert knowledge model has been designed.This model combines data bank with graphic bank through data dictionary and expert rules, calculation results can be transferred to special graphic and result data bank, it improves the working efficiency greatly.This design permits user to correct every item, therefore, strengthen the system flexility and enlarge the applying scope, it can be used directly in soil erosion intensity division, land suitablity evaluation, latent land productivity evaluation, land economic evaluation, and land utility planning.

Abstract:To meet the need of production and information administration, in the process of regional comprehensive development and management, according to the principal of system science, practice, operation and currency.The informational system of regional comprehensive development and management is designed based on analysis to regional data types.This system includes functions of graphic and image management, attributive data base, digital terrain model, planning decision system.typical engineering design system evaluation and regulation system and applied model etc.Based on the determined principle, information can be managed in accordance with administrative division .department or watershed.

Abstract:The middle region of Shaanxi province is not only a birthplace of tranditional agricultural cultivation .but also one of the major soil and water loss region in the middle area of the Yellow river valley.Based on the rule of soil and water loss in this region, the division and classification were studied by means of shift一share method in this investigation.The object and strategy for soil and water conservation were given.

Abstract:By investigating and analysing to the existing problems on landuse at Shanghuang village,Guyuan county, the overall conceptions.the optimum disposition program of farming-forestry-livestock raising, and some implementing techniques have been drafted.Through experimenting anct monitoring for 13 years, it was ensured that this model was very reliable，and with great eco-economical reward. Meanwhile, some suggestions were put forward for the rational use of land resources and the developing of efficient and sustained agriculture in semi-arid areas in western loess hilly region.

Abstract:The objective of small watershed comprehensive harness in gullied region of loess plateau is to form a efficient agricultural eco-economic system.After the small watershed comprehensive harnessing at Wangdong gully for 10 years, an obvious benefit has been achieved as follows:1.the agricultural structure has been changed remarkably;2.the land resources has been unitilized efficiently;3.the road net for erosion controlling of gully slope at small watershed has been built;4.the average productivity of grain is 3750kg/hm²;5.the net income per capita from 230 Yuan to 1313 Yuan;6.the sediment discharge reduces from 1860t/(km².a)to 800/(km².a);7.the ratio of forested area rises from 18%to 39.5%.The key to comprehensive harnessing is to use land resources efficiently and in all-round way, it includes to raise laud productive force, to retain the runoff from village road and stiff ground in plateau region;to develop economic fruit belt and set up erosion controlling techniques systom in gully slope;to construct forest belt of soil and water conservation in the valley.Finally, the benefits of society, economy and ecology are achieved at the same time

Abstract:Based on thorough researchs and systematic analysis, using systematic dynamic model, discrete system of population, linear programming, gray prophecy and other models, the agriculture (cultivate, forestry and livestock raising), industry, traffic, finance, trade, civi- lization, education, hygiene and population of Ansai county are programed and simulated comprehensively, the strategy targets and steps to carry out it are put forward, and operating from 1988 to 1993 with remarkable success, thus.the strategy program is proved to be feasi- ble. The benefits of this program and the thoughts about its implementation are intruduced at last.

Abstract:Based on the summarization from the achievements in projects of tackle key problems of science and technology in different experimental spot during the regional controlling in loess plateau region, and the practical experience of planning and controlling at test points and major small valleys, which established by the Ministry of Water Resources and local government, the conclusion is reached that, to accelerate the controlling speed and to obtain much more ecological, economical and social benefits, the eight items guiding ideology, which take a general plan of strengthen rainfall retaining and infiltrating on the spot, must be carried out in comprehensive controlling and planing at small valleys.

Abstract:Based on practice of comprehensive harnessing and developing program at Yulin valley basin during1993一2000.the model design and coordinated solution for the problem on multiple objective program at small watershed are studied.A feasible model solution method is advanced.

Abstract:The problems about how to construct mufti-objective program decisional model and how to solute it, and the selection on mufti-objective program are discussed.The application of gradational analysis to the multiobjective programme selection of small watershed plan is illustrated, It provides a basis for the decision of small watershed planning.

Abstract:The decisive variables of comprehensive controlling program at small watershed must be clear, concrete and practical.The main decisive variables about terrance, biological measures and gully engineering mustn't be left out.The optimum model is a multi-objective and unlinear programming, it has four objective functions, they are net benefit, flood storage, soil conservation and ecological benefit, The linear initial solution and the restraining method are two efficient method to solute this question.

Abstract:Based on the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of natural condition.land use.as well as production level and watershed control in Huangjia Ercha small watershed, the dynamic change and its pattern of land use structure were studied quantitatively.It is thought that the major factors which affect land use structrure are slope land area, total area of landuse, total input and terraced or table land area of the watershed.It is predicted by the models, that the general production value would be increased in the annually averaged rate of 14.5%during 9 years from 1994 to 2000.It Is also found that the optimum proportions of farming, forestry and animal husban击y land area in plan were 52.14%.more than 30%and not more than 15%

Abstract:Taking the land and biological resources of Baiya gully small watershed as a studying unit, the authors discussed how to make people rich and arrive at a pattern of eco-economical harnessing which integrates soil and water conservation with resources exploitation and utilization during the synthetical harness at small watershed.To get to this objective, people should carry out the managing to subject program, improve the structure of landusing and the ratio of farming, forestry and animal husbandry, dispose landusing more reasonably develop the industry and sideline which has a stress on the planting and processing for biological resources.

Abstract:Taking the loess plateau for example, a general picture of remote sensing c.nd GIS application in soil and water conservation is presented.Remote sensing can supply abandunt information for dynamic analysis of soil erosion.and shorten the period of data processing greately.GIS can integrate and process varied kind, of data related to all factors of soil erosion.Based on multilevel remotely sensed data and geographical information system.the studies of momtormg.have made and management information system of soil and water loss in loess plateau region some meaningful progresses in establishing the monitoring network of soil and water loss throughout the country.

Abstract:The problems about how to establish the mathematic model and the limitary factors of linear program are introduced in detail.Synthetical analysis is done by computer.then the conclusion is drawn and amendments are brought up to modify the structure of program. Rational ratio of the landuse and its development of farming, forestry.animal husbandry and aquatic should be built up to get the best disposition and the biggest benefit.

Abstract:System dynamics

Abstract:It is increasingly general to apply geographic information system in precess of planning soil and water conservation, But it still needs more study to use this new technique better.Taking Liuyie gully small watershed for an example, the author discusses the problems about how to plan soil and water conservation at small watershed with GIS.to make the program more canonical.scientifical and modernistic.and more fit for the characteristics and the needs of soil and water conservation.People then can get to the best objective of economical, ecological and social benefits.

Abstract:Data investigation，collection and systematization are a kind of time-consuming and hard work，but it is extremely an important basis work in soil and water conservation program. During conventional investigation in formerly times，authentic and scientific data was seldom seen because of diviations such as human activity.An investigation method for sloping land by means of geographic information system(GIS)was presented.In the course of its application .an very good effect have been obtained.

Abstract:A computer service system.which was suitable for program and management of small watershed harness, was designed by modern technology, it could replace many daily complicated work of information processing, enable the program more scientific and normal.shorten the period of program formulation.and satisfy the needs of soil and water con"ervation work in time.The system takes GIS as the key, reads topographic map, relevant data and characters into computer as the basic data.makes two kinds of this data to set up a logical relationship, and combines factors of society.economics.natural and human activity with space coordinate as an organic whole.The system managed data ate analyzed synthetically with methods of integrating linear and unlinear, statte and dynamic and multiobjective plan etc.with expert system, then, the HHRLIS system is set up by using higher computer language

Abstract:The demonstration for county level program of soil and water conservation is discussed by applying systematical science theory.A series of theories are put forward to demonstrate the relevant points of the program, such as.the intergrative theoy to the systemetic point.the interrelating theory to the link degree.the methodical theory to the arrangement, the dynamic theory to the schedule.the decomposal and synthetical theory to the measure system, the creative ideology theory to the advantage.the identificational theory to the indexes system and the feedback theory to the feasibility.

Abstract:The method, step and technological requirements of the existing state of soil erolion interpreting from satellite image and its charting are elaborated.Problems such as how to investigate soil erosion rate.how to make out interpretative symbols and indexing system, and the problems about serial charting.area measuring and so on are also discussed.

Abstract:As building material of a new type, earth work fabric has a very strong permeability to water, it could be applied to antifiltering drainge in soil and water conservation projects.Given a meet condition and suitable material, the earth work fabric would give full play to its function of permeability, retainning to soil and sand.When the fabric is applied in projects.the construction is simple.the invest is spareable and the economic benefit is obvious.it is a building material that worth spread.

Abstract:.According to national relevant laws, characteristics and the designing key of soil and water conservation program in developing constructional project are expounded through combining the theory with practice.It is clearly pointed out that the program should posses four characteristics, which is coerced by law, within a small range permmitted for construction, feasibility, and compensability for local loss of unfavourable effect.The program ought to include areas of construction.effect and protection, its objectives of prevention and control are as follows, (1)the new formed man-made soil and water loss is controled basically;(2)the primary soil and water loss is harnessed effectively;(3)the project construction and opreation is perotected securely;(4)the local economic development is promoted.Besides.the prevention and control of man一made soil and water loss and land desertification should be taken as the key;the flood from upper reaches, the power source of wind gap, the surface turbulence and the sediment source should be controlled.

Abstract:To working out soil and water conservation program for the developing and building project.it is the urgent requirement of environmental harness and improvement, and plays an important role in soil and water conservation work.It is analyzed that, by comparison with the original planning of soil and water conservation.the program should have characteristics of more operatility, leves.concentrative invest.and enforcing simultaneously.The bisic proce dure to draw out soil and water conservation program is put out through working practice.

Abstract:The new situation which we are faced with in coil and water conservation work.in the course of urbanization。was recounted briefly. The characteristics of urbam soil and water loss and its endangers to the urbanization itself and the development of economy were analyzed systematically. Then.the technical line and principal content of urban soil and water conservation work were expounded. -hhe necessity and urgency to prevent soil and water loss in process of urbanization were set forth at last.

Abstract:Baicha village is in semi-arid area of loess hilly region, Pengyang county, southern Ningxia.Since 1979, the uncork of comprehesive controlling has been set out.In the beginning of the Eighth Five-year Plan a new eco一agricultural planning was made and carried out.In 1993, a great eco--economical benefit is obtained, it is showed as follows:the area of controlling soil and water loss is 70%.the area covered with forest and grass is 50%, the forested rate is 19%.and 400kg food and 108￥ net income are obtained per capita.There are 97.2% of peasant households with dressing warmly and eating fully, and 13% of households have more than 500kg food and more than 1000￥ net income per capita.

Abstract:It has been proved that.the capital construction on farmland with stress c}n the engineering of transforming dope into terrance, is the best way for the deveicpment of dryland farming in arenaceous hilly area.According to the technical and economical limats of dryland farming and the edurance of local pepople，the engineering must be designed maintaining the criterions of convenient，saving cost.quickly and small--scale.After five years resting in the arenaceous hilly area of Tai'an city.the authors point out that small-scale terraces can save 50 percent of the engineering work.and 40 percent of material cost，the control speed can be risen by almost one more times.Compared with the cultivated slopeland.the benefits of soil and water conservation can increase by more than 85 percent，the soil water content in flood season can increase by about 28 percent.the productivity increases by 30 percent.and the rate of land utililation increase by 40 percent.Thus.the economical benefit increase greatly and people's initiative is enhanced.During the testing，the influential area of testing district is 500hm², and it is spread to area of 5 OOOhm² in Tai'an municipality

Abstract:It is the direction for synthetic control of small watershed that, through the analysing and evaluating to soil and water resources, to plan for land utilization.farming, forestry, animal husbandry and sideline.The purpose of the plan is to define the direction of production developing, thus, to control soil and water loss, to protect improve and make a rational use of soil and water resouroes, to rise the productivity, and to bring ecological and economical benefits into fully play.Therefore, a eco一economic sytem of artifically controlled, raitional and stedy will be established.

Abstract:The benefits which are brought in by controlling measure;of watershed synthetic program are analyzed synthetically, the benefits are including the products of forestry farming and aquatic, the sand reduction and soil conservation.water resources offering and the synthetic benefits of different controlling measures.The authors considered the control programming as an economical item and analysed its economical benefit by using economical analysis theory, they counted the indexes from state.static dynamic state and the sensitivity. then draw a conclusion that this program is of high in economical benefits.low in risk and feasible.Thus the program is tested to be scientific.

Abstract:Soil and water conservation program at one of the most serious soil erosion area of Huangshui watershed is studied to discuss the plan and management at the economical developing the district in synthetic programming.Natural resources of this district will he fully u- tilized by carrying out this program and management during the watershed conservation plan.On the base of special management and intensive farming.the dimensional benefits can be brought into full paly by scientically managing and controlling.then economical develop- ment of the whole watershed will be driven by economical developing of the district.Thus sythetically control of soil and water Toss Call be organically integrated with economical development.

Abstract:At small watershed in severely eroded region, whether we put landuse structure to rational state, It has a great influence upon the effect of comprehensive harnessing of soil and water conservation and the development of agricultural economiecs.On the bases of o6- nervation at experimenting plot on different slope gradient.tillage measure and vegetation condition.the landuse structure was regulated rationally.And then, combined with biological and engineering control measures, the obvious benefit of comprehensive harnessing to soil and water loss in the river basin was obtained.