Abstract:The northeast mountain region of Yunnan province is a major region of soil and water conservation of the upper Yangtzeriver in Yunnan province, the chief part of soil erosion in this region is cultivated slopeland. By means of the statistical analysis of the experimental data measured on 32 experimental spots over three years continuo usly, the soil loss equation of cultivated slopeland in northeast mountain region of Yunnan province has been developed as follow s: A = R·K·LS·C·P . The algo rithm and data for every factor in the equation as well as the capacity for permitable loss of soil in northeast mountain region of Yunnan province have been determined, which provided the fundamental technological data for future use of the equation. At the same time, the author has made a test to the equation,the results indicate that the error of data by calculating does not exceed 6% when compared with the practical experimental data, which proved the equation may be very reliable in futureapplication. The development of the equation may provide a series of dependable scientific methods and bases for predicting soil erosion, mapping out the rational utilization planning of land and the countermeasures of soil and water conservation, and carrying out the strategy of sustainable develo pment in northeast mountain region of Yunnan province.

Abstract:By measuring soil moisture within various layers (above 240cm deepth) in the cultivated slopeland with 0°～25°during one year , a monthly change in soil moisture from May to September was discussed considering rainfall information. The results indicated that soil moisture decreased as gradient increased. The highest soil moisture occurred at a place where is 30m far away from the ridge line. Soil moistur eincreased with increasing rainfall.The effect of a moderate rainfall intensity on soil moisture was significant.Soil moisture was increased by high residue mulch. The change of monthly mean soil moisture from May to September was nearly a sinecurve.

Abstract:Soil and water conservation in suburbs has different purposes and its benefits vary with its purposes. Soil and water conservation around Shisan Mausolea pumped storageplant which lies in Changping county of Beijing suburbs is taken for example and its benefits in security, health protection, scene quality of visual environment and economic respects are analyzed.

Abstract:The soil properties with the characteristics of higher salinity and lower nutrient status are the problem demanding prompt solution for enlarging the use of saline-alkali soil resources and raising reclamation and cultivation efficiency in the seashore area. The types of saline-alkali soils and their development condi tion have been systematically analysed by using statistic method in terms of the practical cases in this area. The results have been theoretically summarized. The complex resolution to alleviate drought, waterlogging ,salinization of soil and unfertiles oil was worked out.The way to improve and utilize the soil resources was also put forward, which had the scientific value and played a direct guiding role in fully utilizing the wast eland and seabeach resources and promoting economic development in coastal area of China.

Abstract:Through analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of soil penet ration experiment device, a testing device is developed, which can be applied in testing soil penetration and runoff of slopeland. The device can simulate a bread rainfall intensity chart(0.4～10mm/min),which simulation precision is higher and duplication is well, the error no more than 5.5 percent. The test result shows that the device is a good tool for researching soil penetration, runoff and sediment of slopeland.

Abstract:The advantages of micro-sprinkling irrigation method are moving easily , low investment, simple structure and extensive adaptability. After irrigating 200～400m³/ha, soil water content will be increased quickly. The suitable irrigation times are heading stage, jointing stage and turning greenstage. Between irrigation 200～400m³/ha, wheat yield increasement depends on the increasement of irrigation. Under film mulching , after irrigating ,wheat yield increased by 25.0%～90.4% compared with no irrigating. It is 22.5%～50.2% higher than no-irrigating under wheat farmland of no-film mulching. Micro-sprinkling irrigating method is practical and worth being extended.

Abstract:The currient situation of long-term comprehensive harness and development at smallwatershed of Zhejiang province are summaried. Combining the practice of smallw atershed development of Huzhou region, the types, the principle, the developoment standards,and the necessary techniquesetc. comprehensive harness are discussed. The experiences and lessons of comprehensive harness at smallw atersheds in the province are analysied.

Abstract:The afforestation techniques which initially showed suitable for the arid-hot valleys in Yuanmou county,Yunnan province were studied. The results suggest that three steps of measures should be taken to improve the survival rate of the tree-grass employed in the arid-hot valleys.First,to prepar land by digging level ditch (60cm in depth and width).Secondly, to raise saplings with polybag during the period of March 10 to April 10(90～100 days before transplanting).Third, to transplant saplings during the period of June 20 to July 10 when the precipitation reaches 20～30mm.

Abstract:The contemporary sense of small watershed comprehersive harnessing is to stress the point that controlling soil and water loss must combine with the sustained development of watershed economy, and must cons ider all kinds of factors fully, such as soil and water conservation projects construction, improvment of eco-environment quality and economic development,ect. Therefore, it is valuable to apply the multiobjective decision into small watershed comprehensive harnessing planning. The building and solwing of multiobjective planning model for aspecific watershed,and the comprehensive evaluating of the alternatives are described.

Abstract:The serious disintegration and landside in Datian county of Fujian province are caused becaus it is located in the special geological structure, and peopole there exploit and make use of the natural resources irrationally. It influences the production of industry and agriculture, and the safety of life and property seriously. Based on investigating the distribution, the type and features of the disinteg ration and landside development, the primary factors causing the disintegration and landside erosion are fully analysied, and the count ermeasures of prevention and control of it are putforward according to the concrete condition of Datain county.

Abstract:In Ejiaohe small watershed, the productivity of grain is low and the total food production is seriously scarce because of the out-of-date mode of production as well as continuous destruction of vegetation and vileecotope resulted from long-term piratical exploitation.Based on the features of small watershed, scientifically configuring manag erial measures,synthetically handling and controlling soil and water loss, and recov ering balance of nature are necessary to improve the external condition of production. Developing high standard parallel terrace to improve the throughput of soil, changing tradi tional cultivation system and controlling the growth of population, and extensively spreading fine breed and cultivation technology of high production are needed to attain the high and stable productivity of grain. All above will provide a good mode to solute the food problem for carst areas.

Abstract:The hillyland area in Donghai, Xinyi and Ganyu county is characterized by the plentiful sunlight and suitable heat resources. The good agroecological condition is generally coexisted with the bad one in this area. Because of the thin layer of soil, the poor supply of soil avaiable nutrient,the serious soil erosion, the seasonal drought, and the shortage of water resource, attention must be paid to develop aproject emphasizing the conservation of water resource. Analysis of the agricultural resources suggests that the efforts should be made to retain surface runoff,to enhance the capability of dispatching and preserving water, and to improve efficiency of water usage. To afforest trees and to build terraced fields are also essential for controlling soil erosion. The technique of deep ploughing and manure accumulation should be empolyed to set up a high effective agroecological system.To gradually realize a large-scale exploitation and an indust rial process , the agriculturalst ructure should be adjusted. The resources advantage should be identified to develop a diversified economy. This is a way to develop the economy and to approach the ultimate aim of agricultural integrative exploitation in this hilly countryside.

Abstract:Soil erosion is more and more serious in the development and construction processing.Soil erosion in highway cons truction is limited in a linear pattern. It may stride across multiple basins and varioustypes of landforms so that the influence range of soil erosion is extensive. The countermeasures to soil erosion in highway const ruction are an importantaspect in reducing soil erosion in development project.According to the investigation data, the causes of soil erosion in highway construction are sumed up, and the general count ermeasures are put forward.