Abstract:Flood, freshwater shortage and water pollution are considered as the major water problems in China, and have been taken into account by various levels of the whole society. Although there are many factors impacting the three water problems, soil and water conservation (SWC) is the underlying and strategic measures in solving them. Sediment is an importantelement that directly or indirectly influences water problems. SWC can repress flood and waterlog by reducing sediment input to rivers, decreasing flood discharge and peaks. SWC is able to modify the stress of freshwater shortage by rainfall-resourcized, increasing soil water content and elongating the operating life of reservoirs,as well as improve water quality by reducing sediment in rivers.

Abstract:To draw water from Datong river into Huangshui river is a large-scale project to transfer water cross several basins, which is mainly used to solve water shortage of Huangshui watershed and has remarkable significance for sustainable economic development of Qinghai province, eco-environmental improvement of Huangshui watershed and eco-environmental protection of the Yellow river headstream region. Situation of Huangshui watershed eco-environment and favorable effect of drawing water project on eco-environment of Huangshui watershed are analyzed. The water transference project will increase runoff of Huangshui river, increase saftey coefficient of industry and agriculture using water, water environment, coverage rate of vegetaion, agricultural environment and the local people’s living environment, control soil and water loss and decrease natural disasters.

Abstract:Land water resource have reached a crisis, which has aroused a general concern from people all over the world. There are several causes to this problem: (1) The water on land recedes, water resource reduces continuously with the development of the history of the earth. (2) The action of atmospheric circulation movement makes some place been droughty and rainless. Meanwhile, as a result of the influence of the distance from sea and the function of topography and relief, the nearer it is towards the inland, the less it rains and the stronger the surface runoff is. Water resource is in short supply and it becomes droughty and desert. (3) The destruction of ecosystem caused by the activities of mankind leads to soil erosion. Excessive exploiting water and water pollution make the condition of water shortage more worse. (4) Water consumption by the earth itself and other side effects on water circulation system are the causes of being short of land water resource. Science and technology are developing rapidly today, it is necessary to analyze and study on how to prevent water resource from being in a bad way and let water resource bring more benefits to mankind. The key to this problem is that people should have a deep knowledge of water resource, protect and build more water resource projects systematically in order to easeor overcome the water resource crisis, which can make threats against people’s live and human development.

Abstract:The quality of drinking water for human and animals affected by soil and water loss in Yunnan province is investigated and analysed.Taking Dachongqing reservoir as an example, because of soil and water loss, there are a lot of harmful chemistry and germs in soil going into reservoir with runoff, the quality of water in reservoir was changed. If the water is not handed by a special process, it is not good for human and animals to drink. There are various kinds of factors that affect the water quality by soil and water loss in this reservoir. People must notice this problem, when the poor water is supplied for human and animals in countryside.

Abstract:There are multi-aspects influence of soil and water loss on water quality of reservoir. The results have showed that the most important effect of soil and water loss on Qinglinjing reservoir is as followes: The turbidness index of water body shows direct ratio relation with intensity of rainfall. When nutrient salt is brought by soil and water loss into water body, the water quality is near nurtured level, while in severe area of soil and water loss, shows middle-rich nurtured level, the amount of microorganizm increase obviously. The whole water quality shows a tendency to deteriorating.

Abstract:‘One Dam by One Pond’ water source project was developed by Dongsheng office of World Bank project on soil and water conservation, which was one of the optimum modes to solve the water source problem in the arid hilly and gully region where the water is scarce. Its establishing condition, feature, design principle, design procedure and forms were described with respect to the physical environment in Dongsheng city. It is a typical example and could result in significant economic benefit. Therefore, it deserves to be widely extended.

Abstract:Method of unsteady flow horizontal pillar is applied to determine soil moisture diffusivity of disturbed soil, which is one of the necessary parameters to study water motion in soil. The results are modeled into experience formulae which are applied to forecast soil moisture distribution of horizontally permeated flow in unsaturated soil water movement.

Abstract:The energy input needed by human community in the watershed was mainly from grain, fuel and food oil, meanwhile the human community provides the watershed including sub systems of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and itself with human labour power and the organic energy of excrement, etc., the ratio of output to input of energy is 0.151∶1. Through systematic analysis of energy flow, it is found that the use rate of solar energy of the crops could be ordered as hemp

Abstract:The erosive characteristics of ridge and ditch under countour tillage are studied in purple soil. The results show that, comparing with conventional tillage(CK), the runoff of contour tillage (CT) is diminished, but the sediment is not. When there are not any cover (including vegetable cover) on soil, the sediment of CT is mainly physical clay coming from its ridge, but that of CK is similar to the particle distribution of its source soil and its coefficient of soil structure is decreased significantly. It suggests that cover on ridge of CT will play an important role in controlling erosion, and CK will led to soil degradation notably.

Abstract:The topic of rapid survey of regional soil erosion has been identified based on the analysis of sciences of soil erosion, spatial information technologies and the demand of soil conservation. The necessary and possibility of the survey have been analyzed focussing on the processes, the spatial characters of regional soil erosion and the theory and techniques of spatial informatics. Some important issues, including the classification and regionalization, the parameterization of the evaluation, the modelling of the erosion and the database building of the evaluation, and so on, have been discussed.

Abstract:4D is described and the wide prospects on soil and water conservation are discussed.4D is called as the integrated technology of RS and GIS at 1990’s level， it is the basic mode of digltalized product. 4D include DEM (digital elevation model), DOQ (digital orthophotoquad), DRG (digital raster grapher) and DLG/DTI (digital liner grapher), Which provide real time and precise digitalized product for watershed management.

Abstract:Exploiting stalk feed resources to develop animal husbandry is an important measure to solve efficiently the contradiction of forestry and animal husbandry in cross regions of rural area and pastoral area in the north loess plateau during soil and water conservation and economic balance construction. Corn stalk was blocked into feed block by blocking machine and fed beef. The result showed that the daily gain in mass of the beef fed with corn stalk is 24%～39% higher than that fed with corn silage, and the economic benefit was significant. It was also found that the feed block composed of corn stalk was cheap and convenient to store for a long period and to transport for a long distance. Therefore it will make a new way to develop saving grain typed animal husbandry and will play an important role for soil and water conservation.

Abstract:On the basis of compiling the soil erosion map of Guizhou upland by using remote sensing technique, the natural background and factors affecting soil erosion in Guizhou upland are analyzed. The different grades of soil erosion and the potential dangerous degrees are divided and their distribution are discussed. Then the strategic measures to controll soil erosion and to protect the ecological environment have been put forward： (1) To make the completed plan and comprehensive controll; (2) To controll soil erosing according to different region and different types; (3) To combine the economic and the ecological benefits, and pay attention to the coordinated development of the population, resources, environment and economy; (4) to establish the dynamic supervised organization on soil erosion and conservation by using GIS and RS methods.

Abstract:Hunchun small watershed in Ruyang county, He’nan province is one of the experimental units in drainage areas of the Huaihe River Committee. The harness experiences and the benefits from 1986 to 1992 are introduced. Meanwhile the effect of soil and water coservation on reducing the loss of water and manure and soil erosion, and on developing the local agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and sideline production are also studied. Besides, comprehensive analysis is made on the short-term and forward benefit. The initial result indicates clearly that developing comprehansive harnese of soil and water conservation in small watershed is quite resonable and feasible in economy.

Abstract:The relation of soil and water conservation with sustained agriculture and rural development on the basis of detailly analysing the agriclture and rural sustained development of Jilin province. Soil and water conservation supply sustained agriculture and rural development with resource base, it is cardinal guarantee to achieve sustained agriculture and rural development. In this connection, major measures and opinions on strengthening soil and water conservation work to achieve sustained agriculture and rural development of Jilin province are suggested for the policy making of related departments and leadship.