Abstract:Water protection forest construction is the important base of forest environment protection and sustainable development. Based on the report about the forest inventory in the suburbs of Beijing, and the principles of the ecology, productive function and sustainable development, 3 forest species and 18 forest types of water protection forest in Miyun reservoir watershed are classified as ecological forest, ecological-economical forest and economical-ecological forest. Suggestions on forest rational use and management are put forward. It can provide a scientificbasis for the concerned departments in making decisions and working out overall planning of water protection forest construction in Miyun reservoir watershed.

Abstract:Hippophae rhamnoides is made use for the reclamation of Antaibao Surface-mined land in the contiguous area of Shanxi—Shaanxi—Inner Mongolia from 1990 to 1997. The results show that it is one of the most excellent plants, because it has well effect of soil and water conservation, and stronger adaptability to improve ecological environment of the mining area. Hippophae rhamnoides shrub is a optimum place of habitat and food looking for wild beasts and birds. The male plants of Hippophae rhamnoides grow more superiorily than female plants, so it has better effect of soil and water conservation. Hippophae rhamnoides has important practical significance for improving and reconstructing ecological environment in loess plateau region.

Abstract:The of daily variation and the seasonal variation of transpiration intensity of different trees are analyzed. The regression model that explains the influence of illumination, air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity and ground temperature on trees transpiration is set up. The results indicated that the water consumption for trees transpiration in the growth season of larch and locust is 107.9%～119.5% of the same term rainfall, the imported precipitation of the soil can not satisfy the needs of the consumption of the arbor, and hold up their normal growth. The water consumption for the transpiration of Caragana Korshinskii and Hippophae rhemnoides is 61.66%～66.1% of rainfall in the same tern, the imported precipitation of the soil can satisfy the needs of the consumption of shrub forest land.

Abstract:The soil basic fertility is low in the farming land at Yaner Gully watershed, especially in the recently built terrace lands. The soil organic matter, total N, available N and P, and CEC are all relatively low, and also the soil enzymatic activity. The available K is mediate. The soil nutrient and enzymatic activity in the dam land is relatively higher, but still in the low level which limited the crop productivity and agriculture development. The efficient way to improve soil fertility is to input large amount of organic matter, return crop straw into farmland, and plant fertility-improving crops.

Abstract:Dikes are very important component of the project system in the lower reaches of the Yellow river. It is necessary to solid and maintain dikes to ensure the safety of dikes in flood and ice flood. The method and calculation on dike aging evaluation are analyzed on the basis of investigation in Huimin county, Shandong province. It still takes an active part in normal, standard and scientific management of the dike in the lower reaches of the Yellow river.

Abstract:Slope disintegration erosion is the most serious type of soil erosion in south China. Based on the field investigation, spatial structure of the erosion landform was analyzed. According to studies on the transmission and transformation of material and energy, and the feedback mechanism, the slope disintegration erosion landform system was built. The evolution tendency of the system included 4 directions such as sustained development, fluctuation, stable equilibrium and vanishment.

Abstract:According to the observed data from loess hilly region at Ansai county in 1998, soil moisture of 5～7 year seabuckthorn stands and its influence on seabuckthorn growth are studied．The experimental results showed that：(1) The absorption range of seabuckthorn roots can extend a depth of under 2 　m layer, at the scope of 2 　m layer, the characteristic of vertical variation of soil moisture of woodlands is that, soil moisture has a tendency of decreasing with the depth of layer increasing, there are two strong absorption layers of soil moisture at 30～50 　cm and 80～100 　cm layer; (2) The seasonal variation of soil moisture under seabuckthorn woodlands may be divided into three periods： deficient period, accumulative period and lessen period．In 1998, annual precipitation is much even, soil moisture has two obvious seasons of dry and humid; (3) In the annual growth season, the growth of seabuckthorn has marked correlation with soil moisture of woodlands, and seasonal variation of growth falls behind that of soil moisture．

Abstract:Part of mountain areas in Dayi county, Sichuan province, was hit in a catastrophic torrential rain and the rainstorm led to seriousmountain hazards-debris flows and landslides during the middle of September, 1998. Two persons were killed, one missed, and properties of over fifty million yuan was lost in the hazards. The genesis and the followed development tendency of mountain hazards were analysed through topography, geology, torrential rain and mankind economic activities. In conclusion, suggestiones in mountain hazards prevention and control are put forward.

Abstract:It is a difficult point to separate quantitatively the monofactor value in the comprehensive control multifactor experiment. The establishing principles for solving the problem, and the calculating measures of the model are presented and testified. The measures, procedures and calculating results by applying the principles are illustrated with examples.

Abstract:The benefit evaluation about small watershed control is a multi-level and multi-index problem. According to variation degree among the characteristic values of evaluation indexes, the information entropy was used as a tool to determine the weight, so as to reduce the subjectivity of people. The model improved on the basis of information entropy can make the evaluation result more objectives.

Abstract:Facing the problem of water resource shortage, environmet and poor water situation, we examined closely what we had done on how to use and develop water resource. It is sure that we must form our new guid theory about how to use and develop water resource, this can keep our national economy improvement healthy and the sustainable development of our society, this need people to reconsider the dialectical relation among human, economy, society and water, follow the natural law, keep the harmonious between human and nature. Then people can realize their sustainable development and water resource use aim.

Abstract:Through analysing the characteristics of hydro-environment on the loess plateau, It is pointed that the precipitation of loess plateau has two characters： one is low, the other is intensive, which can result in a strong soil and water loss. Soil moisture is always in stress statue there. The productivity of basic farmland and forest-pasture land has been seriously stressed by water shortage, and the runoff is affected by precipitation. The eco-environment should be improved by biological, engineering and chemical measures for soil and water conservation (SWC) in order to adjust water condition on the loess plateau. The SWC measures can bring impacts on hydro-environment in two aspects. (1) In land section scale, it can harvest rainwater and increase soil infiltration rate, which made soil can provide more water to plant; (2) For some high water consumption land, such as forest and pasture, the water stress can only be modified, and the hydro-environment should be considered into the constructing of vegetation; (3) For watershed scale, the SWC can increase water storage and evaporation, meanwhile, it can decrease runoff.

Abstract:Based on the progress investigation of soil and water conservation and eco-environment construction in Shenzhen city, the condition of soil and water loss as well as its new progress is analyzed. It is generalized that there existed 9 ways for constructing urbanized soil and water conservation and eco-environment. Some interrelated problems are studied at the end.

Abstract:With a area of about 1.13×105 km2 , Gansu loess plateau can be divided into two parts, west Gansu loess hill-gully region and east Gansu loess plateau gully region from the physical geographical point of view. It is one of the most severe soil erosion areas of the loess plateau. The fragile ecology and overloaded population have entailed great pressure on this region. It has been proposed that soil and water conservation and ecological construction are the basis and safeguard for the sustainable development of the whole area. Based on analysing the existing problems and its main causes in soil and water conservation, and on the on-the-spot investigation and comparative study, we have put forward the orientation of ecological construction of Gansu loess plateau, that is, (1) foster the thought of sustainable developmental ecological construction; (2) take the ecological construction road of establishing eco-agriculture of soil and water conservation pattern, and developing small watershed eco-economy; (3) implement strategic systematic engineerings of ecological construction which can make peasants rich．

Abstract:The achievements, experiences and problems in soil and water conservation work accomplished in the past years are analyzed. The urgency and importance of strengthening soil and water conservation and eco-environment construction are stated in accordance with the current statue of soil and water conservation and characteristics of social environment in the opening areas in Shenmu, Fugu, Yulin and Hengshan coal fields. Meanwhile, some very new countermeasures are proposed up for eco-environment management, supervision and policy.