Abstract:Based on physical features of the basin，the Dongliao river is divided into two parts，namely hill- river and plainiiver with the Erlongshan lake as the bound- The monthly and yearly evolution of water quality were studied by means of PCA，and its response to environment acidification is analyzed by means of correlation. The water is seriously polluted and must be renovated. The primary pollution factor is organic mat?ter. The pollution of lower reach must not be neglected. The evolution of water quality is monthly and yearly， and the response to the acidification of environment is strong.

Abstract:The distribution characteristics of soil water in Wangdonggou watershed in gully region of the loess plateau are studied. The results show that the soil water have renewed in a certain extent after a rainy period in 2m soil profile. In the soil profile below 2m, soil water is dry without water supply. In the whole watershed, the average soil water storage of farm land, grass land, orchard land, and forest land are 465.3mm, 452.8mm, 450.2mm, and 424mm in 2m soil profile; and 627 mm, 620.6 mm, 598.8 mm, and 542.7mm in 3m soil profile. In general, farm land grass land orchard landforest land in soil water content. In the same time, soil water distribution is affected by slope degree, slope direction, slope location, plant category, plant density, and biomass. Moreover, it has some spatial variability.

Abstract:Water quality prediction is the basis of water environmental planning, evaluation and management. A gray dynamic model group is put forward made up of six simple gray models. Then the model group is used to predict the trend of concentration of NH₃-N in the Huaihe river during dry season. The result shows that the gray dynamic model group can make full use of the recent information about water quality to predict the future trend of water quality, and that prediction result stemming from gray dynamic model group is more accurate and reliable than that of a simple gray model

Abstract:Soil erosion in Jinsha river basin of Yunnan province is very serious, and the basin is one of the major regions of national ecological environment construction. Sloping cultivated land in the basin is the land type with the strongest soil erosion, and the engineering of returning sloping cultivated land to forests (and grass) is of great strategic significance. The existing problems of the current engineering of returning cultivated land to forests (and grass) in the basin are analyzed, and practical rationalization proposals on enforcing scientifically the engineering of returning cultivated land to forests (and grass) are put forward.

Abstract:The specific practice on retuning cultivated land to forests and grassland of Suide county, Shaanxi province is studied. The result shows that, in order to make more achievement in this work, We should study the following problems: (1) to reach a common understanding on the work; (2) to study and solve the concerned problem seriously; (3) to summarize experiences and lessons of the historic practice; (4) to instruct the work according the certain condition; (5) to harness the area comprehensively according the local reality.

Abstract:A forest belt around Xi'an city will be built, and its landscape ecological effects are analyzed. It is considered that the forest belt will be important for improving the structure and the function of urban ecosystem of Xi'an city, increase the heterogeneity and connectivity, increase the edge effect and protecting biodiversity, etc.

Abstract:Jinjiang watershed, located in the water eroded area of southeast coastal area of Fujian province, was used as an experiment zone. A remote sensing prediction model on the soil erosion suitable for watershed erosion area was established by using a great deal of data collected from soil and water conservation experiments, and prototype structure of USLE(A=fRKSLCP). A quantitative soil erosion remote sensing prediction system at county(city) level in red soil area in southern China was also established innovatively, realizing the quantitative, real time, and quick predicting on soil erosion. This prediction system was applied in an area of 11 000 km², and a spatial database system based pixels of 30m×30m and its renewable GIS system were established. According to the dynamic prediction made in 1988,1995, and 1996 in Nan'an city which is located in middle and down stream of the watershed. the result consistency comparing with the hydrologic method, runoff plot method, on spot investigation method, and file method reached more than 80%.

Abstract:Dynamic monitoring soil erosion is one of important task in soil and water conservation management. The method and work proceedings of dynamic monitoring soil erosion are expounded supported by remote sensing and GIS through visual interpretation at scale of nation. Based on unchanged classification of second national soil erosion remote sensing investigation, the remote sensing monitor is carried out for national soil erosion at scale 1∶100 000 from 1995 to 2000 and updated its database by comparing two different time images, employing the digital processing technique of remote sensing data, man computer interactive interpretation, vector map editing and area count.

Abstract:Slope is the most important topographic variables. It is a critical work to establish a scientific and reasonable slope classification systems for terrain research and slope mapping. After a comprehensive summary to the previous works in this field, it is pointed out that slope classification scheme could be divided into three different types on the basis of their serving purpose, namely critical classification, equal interval classification and fuzzy classification. Their availability is analyzed after explaining the characteristics of the slope classifications. Taking Jiuyuangou area as the test area representing the loess hill gully terrain type, a digital slope model (DSM) was extracted from 1∶10 000 scaled DEMs. Different slope spectrums can be derived from DSMs according to the different slope classification systems, which shows a interesting discrepancy both in their distribution patterns and statistic values.

Abstract:The heavy mental pollution grade of agriculture soil and the evaluating indexes and its eigenvalue are made as matter element, the sutra field, controlled field, weight coefficient and relating degree are obtained. Meanwhile, the model for evaluating agriculture soil environment is built up. The process is explained by an example, the result which is compared by Hamming pressing close to degree method, Fuzzy synthesize evaluation method and graded pressing close to degree method, is better.

Abstract:Recently, the source area of the Yangtze river and the Yellow river is one of the important areas being researched on environment in the west China, as well as the water conservation on upper reaches of the two rivers. Researching environment must take them into account, because the directly affects the improvement of environment, such as landform, soil, temperature, moisture and erosion etc. Contrasting to the former that took much account on the land use/land cover in the area, the study contrast state by means of remote sensing, utilizing TM images to extract information through the same classification system. The system is divided into eight classes and thirty four types. According to characteristics of the region, the system contains:(1) area diversity principle; (2) combination principle between regionalization and class classification; (3) combination principle between synthetically and dominant factors. It is necessary to establish superior manipulative ability of interpretation marks on the studied area, and beneficial to make further monitor and research

Abstract:The area of Yichang soil and water conservation major region of upper reaches of the Yangtze rive area totals 8372km², of which the area of soil erosion is 4 710.22 km², accounts for 56.26%. The area of middle mountain accounts for 89.1%, the area of steep slop (>25) accounts for 68.35%. The amount of precipitation of flood season accounts for 70.25% of annual rainfall. Besides collapse and landslide disasters are frequency, and Three Gorges project will expropriate and irrigate 100.5 km² of land area of three county, the sum of migrants is about 0.136 million. So anthropogenic soil and water loss become more serious. We should firmly seize the opportunities of "Yangtze treatment project implementing", make terrace on slop and establish production forest projects and take them as a breakthrough, implement the comprehensive measures to optimize the structure and shaped the pattern of strip transect and block. We developed soil and water conversation integrative protection system while optimized the land structure of utilization and the pattern of agriculture, and we have essentially controlled the soil and water loss. Now, the annual runoff volume has been reduced, the annual soil erosion amount has been reduced 5.22 million tons and increased settlement of 37 per km². Through the increasing development of characteristic prop industry of orange and tea, we have accelerated the sustainable socioeconomic development.

Abstract:对青藏铁路格尔木—拉萨段的生态环境本底状况作了全面地分析,指出建于世界上最高、最大的高原面上的青藏铁路沿线的生态环境具有无以比拟的特殊性、敏感性、脆弱性和生态景观的差异性,如果施工期间未能采取行之有效的环保措施,那么巨大的土石开挖量、堆积量和工程迹地量定会对青藏高原的生态环境造成严重的负面影响。提出了一系列的环保措施,以期对铁路建设单位有所帮助,将对青藏高原生态环境造成的负面影响减少到最小,使生态环境恢复到最好

Abstract:The characteristics, present situation and causes of soil and water erosion in Xuanwei city, a model of soil and water conservation, in Yun'nan province are analyzed. The results indicate that the building of plant check dam in erosion gully is able to improve the way to harness the erosion gully and decrease the cost of soil and water control in severe soil erosion areas. The right classification of soil and water conservation will be useful to strengthen soil erosion control of the key area, and promote the combination between preventing and harnessing of soil erosion.

Abstract:The prevention flood planning and controlling flood project construction are very important for protecting cities safety. A grim situation and the causes of controlling flood of cities all over China are analyzed. Some suggestions on controlling flood standard and countermeasures are put forward.

Abstract:According to meteorological factor and underlying surface condition of the watershed both Jinsha river and Jialing river in Yangtze upstream river, the probability of Yangtze upstream river changing into second Yellow river are studied based on surface erosion, sediment transportation, water and soil loss, as well as human activity. It shows that the meteorological character is one of the key factors for producing the sediment yield in the watershed, but that the surface erosion and the stream load of Yangtze upstream river have been mainly influenced by unreasonable social economic activities. Because hydro thermal process and geomorphic element have relatively stabilization, adding developing soil and water comprehensive control until recently decade, the stream load in Yangtze upstream river would not evidently change during a considerably long time. Meanwhile some useful countermeasures for preventing soil and water loss are also suggested.

Abstract:Mountain tourism is an important natural tourism resources in the west China. The basic characteristics of mountain tourism resources in the west China are studied from geography view. The result shows the mountain tourism resources in the west China have 6 characteristics clearly. The restrictive elements of exploitation and matter of the mountain tourism resources in the west China are explored.

Abstract:As an essential branch of the soil and water conservation monitoring, the macroscopic monitoring for soil conservation is the critical data source in China, which is undertaking the threaten of serious soil erosion. The macroscopic monitoring has significant difference with the microscopic monitoring in their aims, monitoring objects, methods, and technologies. The related research work include 2 fields: research about theory, and regional dynamic and relevant environmental impacts of soil erosion. Research on these theories develops fast in China, and RS GIS methods have been applied by most research work. However, the study on basic theories still is almost absent. With the national monitoring net for soil and water conservation constructing, and the Geomatics technologies developing, its booming perspective will be displayed.

Abstract:The characters of into saline alkali soil formation in northwest area of China are expounded. It is pointed out matter that the cropland is over wide, the irrigation is inefficient, the exploitation degree of groundwater is low, the programming of discharged of salinity is short, and the cognition of salinity disserve is not clearly in exploitation, The advance corresponding countermeasures and advices are put forward.