Abstract:Songnen-Sanjiang plain is the most concentrative distribution area of wetlands in China,and the area of wetland landscape is decreasing because of large-scale reclamation during the past half century.Wetlands natural reserve in this area plays significant roles in regional environment protection.The regional wetland natural reserves have developed rapidly but still have serious problems mainly include:negative disturbation from human activities in the natural reserves;negative impact from water conservancy construction and human activities from out of natural reserves;low level of natural reserve development and management.According to the present situation of wetland natural reserve development,suggestions and implications are made at length about wetland natural reserve sustainable development and management in the Songnen-Sanjiang plain.

Abstract:The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment is a four-year process,commencing in April 2001,designed to improve the management of the world's natural and managed ecosystems by helping to meet the needs of decision-makers and the public for peer-reviewed,policy-relevant scientific information on the condition of Earth's eco-systems,potential impacts of changes to ecosystems on their ability to meet human needs,and policies,technologies,and tools to improve their management.The objectives,process,conceptual framework and users of the millennium ecosystem assessment are introduced.some response options are also suggested.

Abstract:Cultivated land protection is one of the important problems which is indispensable to solve in the process of west China's development. Based on the introduction of current situation of land resources in the west region of China,the problems of cultivated land protection in the process of west China's development are analyzed,and aseries of effective measures are pointed out.

Abstract:Using the simulated rainfall methods,the affecting factors of soil infiltration are studied.The results show runoff time has a negative relationship with soil bulk,a ntecedent soil moisture,slope gradient, rainfall intensity, and different tillage measures;soil steady infiltration rates have a positive relationship with rainfall intensity and tillage measures,and have a negative relationship with soil bulk,antecedent soil moisture,and slope gradient.The major factors which affect soil steady infiltration rates and runoff time are soil physical property and tillage measures according to result of synthetic analysis.

Abstract:In karst region,rock desertification is related to stratum and lithology,incising of river,soil erosion,gradient and mankind action etc.The problem on how lithology affects rock desertification in karst region are analyzed.In the meantime,analysis of desert spatial distributing and grade is based on desert correlation data in Qingzhen city by GIS technique and data computing system.So it can be obtained that rock desertification area is the biggest and degree is the highest in limestone area,but it is reverse in marregion.Therefore,it is thouht that grade and distribution of rock desertification are related to the stratum and lithology in Karst region.

Abstract:The favor able natural condition is advantageo us to various land use patterns in low mountains and hills of south Jiangsu province.And various ways of land uses have changed the properties of the soil.In general,the soil erosion and the nutrient loss of the cultivated soil that are disturbed by human are larger than that of the uncultivated soil in natural or half-natural condition.In order to know the quantity of nutrient loss caused by soil erosion,the soil erosion intensity should be decided.The tracer method by cesium-137 can be used to resolve two problems.One is to determine the backg round content of ¹³⁷Cs.The other is to establish the model of soil erosion.After estimating the soil erosion rate of various ways of land uses,the quantity of soil nutrient loss is calculated.For the sake of indicating the potential risk of soil erosion,and comparing the danger of the loess with red soil area,the concept of the equal value soil erosion is put forward.It is preliminary found that cultivated soil,especially paddy,may be a primary agricultural source of nutrient elements of Taihu lake.

Abstract:According to the survey of the land use in Heiniu river watershed,the adaptability of the land use is assessed,and the productive potentiality and the population-carrying capacity are analyzed.The results showamong the 1531.55hm² land in Heiniu river watershed,there are farming land 45.64%,forestry land 40.57%,orchard land 0.74% and pasture land 1.07%.In addition,there is 5.44% of the land,which has not been used but can be used for forestry and orchard.There are 87.35% of the farming lands which are in middle or low productivity,and have high potential production.A land use plan about rational utilization and improving the land production in hilly region in northeast China is advised.

Abstract:Yushenfu coal mine has very rich coal resource and it is one of the key fuel energy and heavy chemical industry base in China.It locats in loess-hilly area and Maowususandlot,northeast of Erduos basin,where have badly natural conditions and fragile environment system.Soil and water loss in natural environment is one of the main environmental geology problems in this area.Soil and water loss will become more seriously problem with large scale development of coal resources.According to three terms(1987,1992,1999)explaining results of TM remote sensing image,and under the support of data-base of GIS,the influence factors of soil and water loss and its trends are estimated by using arrangement analysis.A primarily forecasting and evaluating is made on coal mine exploitation that may affect natural environment based on the results of our survey.This would provide basic information for environmental protection.

Abstract:The effect of long-term continuous fertilization to winter wheat field is mainly researched on the distribution of nutrients of soil profiles.The experiment results show that the profiles of organic matter,total nitrogen and available nitrogen are taken on the distribution of“S”shape but total phosphorus is in the form of parabola in soil profiles.The nutrient difference of the layers below to psoil is biggest under different treatments,even though the nutrients difference of the layers below topsoil is on the decrease,but their change tendency is the same as that of topsoil.Long-term fertilization mainly affects soil nutrients above 60cm soil layers,but affects soil nutrients a little below 100cm soil profiles.Only applying chemical fertilization does not evidently affect soil fertility,and applying organic manure and chemical fertilization plays aspecial role on improving soil fertility.

Abstract:The species diversity of five forest communities of the loess plateau in the north of Shaanxi province is measured with species diversity index(Shannon-Wienner index, Marg alef'index,Simpson's diversity index),evenness index and species richness.The result shows that the species diversity of Populus davidiana forests is the highest in five forest communities.The species diversity index and richness index for different strata is in the following order:herb stratum> shrub stratum> tree stratum.As for the evenness index,the order is tree stratum< herb stratum,tree stratum< shrub stratum while species diversity of herb stratum has no significant difference with shrub stratum.

Abstract:The macromolecule polymers take effect on improving soil structure,increasing soil penetration and controlling runoff on slope.For the purpose of exploring late-model,efficient and low materials that are taken on controlling runoff for loess region,three polymers are picked out,which are polypropylene acid,polythene hydrin and urea-formaldehyde resin.The effect on soil physical properties by applying polymers of different consistencies on soil are probed into.The results indicate that(1) the content of waterstable dumpling is increased by 17.27%,the soil permeability by 41.81%, the content of containing water by 2.5～3.1 times than antitheses,and the soil destiny is decreased by 11.18% after by polymers treatments in the range of most suitable consistencies.These indexes have proved that the macromolecule polymers are good improvemental matter,especially the effect of polypropy lene acid on soil is very marked,(2) the most suitable consistencies of them were ascertained by analyzing synthetical effect treated on soil,which is 4.8%～6.0%,1.6%,10.0% separately.

Abstract:By analyzing the changes of soil nutrients,pH and cation exchange capacity(CEC)on the loess plateau after implement of the World Bank's Loan Project on soil and water conservation,the effect of soil and water conservation measures on soil chemical properties is studied.The results show that soil nutrients didn't change wth time on cultivated sloping lands and wild grass lands,but soil nutrients on lands with measures of soil and water conservation increased with time,the contents of soil nutrients are higher,pH changed to neutrality and CEC increased.

Abstract:Based on the GIS,the evolution of soil erosion w hich influenced by various land-using is analyzed.Through imitating the soil erosion evolution with cellular automata modeling before and after the land using plan,the evolution trend of soil erosion of each land area in land-using pattern is forecasted.This research provides a fundamental theory for assessing the degree of reasonable land-using.

Abstract:Based on the kinds of soil conservation areas,the aims of prevention and cure and current situation of soil erosion in the Feilaixia hub construction in Guangdong province,the principles,periods,contents and methods for monitoring soil conservation of the development and construction project are put forward.In order to reflect the situation of soil erosion and conservation in each areas in different periods, the four principles should be followed,those are the four combinations of overall survey and focal point observation,state quantity observation and dynamic analysis,field monitor and model analysis,and the contents and each area characteristics.The monitoring time can be divided into three periods.The contents include landformand topography,the earth's surface materials,vegetations,soil erosion,runoff and sediment,soil conservation establishments and their benefits.The methods should match the contents,frequency and equipments and facilities.

Abstract:In the course of whole precipitation-runoff,the concentration of the non-point source pollutants in runoff changes are monitored and studied.The results are as follows:the concentration of every pollutant is high in early stage of producing flow,then tends to decline.For the soluble pollutant,the concentration ranges small,like milder wavilness in the course of whole precipitation-runoff.As for difficult dissolving pollutant,particularly for total phosphorus,the concentration in the course of whole changes acutaly like zigzag.This indicates that there is certain confinement to the concentration scope dissolved and achieved for dissolve component under a certain water environment condition.Its dissolving characteristics are influenced obviously possibly by the water environment condition than by the flow rate change.

Abstract:The living conditions are very weak in the flooded area of the Three Gorges of Changjiang river.The agricultural working conditions are poor.The social economic level is low.After the founding of the Three Gorges'Project,because of basic installation needs rebuilding,the contradictory of lacking soil and environmental bearing pressure will become more projecting,and the soil erosion will become worse.While we are migrating immigrants well,how to prevent the soil erosion efficiently,improve ecology environment of the flooded area and ensure the safety of the Three Gorges'Dam has important economic and political significance.

Abstract:Southern Xinjiang Autonomous Region is located in the inland desert region and has an extremely arid desert climate,with oases scattered in the interior of Gobi and sand desert.The ecological environment of the oases is very fragile.Owing to arid climate and human activity influences,the ecological environment in the oases has severely degraded in the past several decades.Water and soil loss,especially land desertification suffer severely from wind erosion has developed rapidly.Wind erosion has threatened the existence of the oases and the sustainable development of agriculture in the area.The main factors influencing the wind erosion are analyzed.Then,the main damages caused by it are pointed out.Finally,some effectives countermeasures are recommended to control wind erosion in the oases area.

Abstract:Owing to occurring super floodwater in 1998, people more and more came attach importance to protection and reconstruction of eco-environment in upper Yangtserive.Building of Three Gorge project supplies an opportunity for the development of wholly economic exploitation strap.At the same time,it bring seco-environment problem.Human activity impacts on ecoenvironment of Three Gorges reservoir area a reprobed into.With method of system analysis,the eco-environment of reservoir area divides into forest system,water area system and sloping field system.To research their correlation one another,thereby bring forward to measures of sustainable development eco-environmental of reservoir area.

Abstract:Taking Bijie region-a typical poverty-stricken karst mountaino us area in Guizhou province as a model,the effects of population and economy on natural restoration of soil and water conservation ecasystem are studied,the results show through multiple regression analysis, the population and economy are correlative with soil and water conservation,and the population economy takes extremely important,decisive action on the natural restoration of soil and water conservation ecosystem.In accordance with the results of analysis,and in combination with the actual conditions of Bijie region,the countermeasures on natural restoration of soil and water conservation ecosystem are established.

Abstract:The wet land in Dongting lake area is one of the largest freshwater lake wet land in China,covering an area of 8.77×10⁵ hm².The complexity and diversity of wet land types and eco-environment created rich biological resources,climate resources,water resources,land resources and tourist resources.However,owing to the unreasonable utilization of mankind for a long time,the wet lands have changed a great deal in area and landscape structure,the ecological function had seriously been influenced and menaced.The main problems of wet land resources development and utilization are analyzed,and the countermeasures of sustainable utilization of wet land resources in Dongting lake are put forward.

Abstract:The variety,distribution,growing environment and ornamental character of wild flowers are investigated and researched in Qilian Mts.The result shows that there are 34 families,80 genera and 103 species in the area.Some suggestions on utilization and protection of wild flowers resource in Qilian Mts. are also presented.

Abstract:洞庭湖区湿地面积约8.77×105hm2,复杂多样的湿地类型和生态环境蕴含了丰富的生物资源、气候资源、水资源、土地资源以及旅游资源。长期以来由于人类不合理的开发利用,导致洞庭湖区湿地面积和景观结构发生了很大变化,湿地生态功能亦受到严重影响和威胁。分析了洞庭湖区湿地的自然资源和开发利用面临的主要生态环境问题,并提出了洞庭湖区湿地资源开发利用和保护的对策。

Abstract:对祁连山野生花卉资源的种类、分步、长生环境等进行了调查研究,结果发现祁连山野生花卉植物共34科,80属,103种。并对野生花卉资源的开发利用与保护进行了探讨