Abstract:Abstrcat Taking bare land as control, three forest lands, viz. Schima superba, Cunninghamia lanceolata, enclosing tending forest land are studied. According to the studies on storage function and dynamic change of their soil reservoirs, the results show that mean annual water storage of soil reservoir in Schima superba, Cunninghamia lanceolata, enclosing tending forest and the control was 381.1 mm, 368.7 mm, 336.9 mm and 243.6 mm, accounting for 75.62%, 78.18%, 74.62% and 59.57% of total capacity respectively. Average monthly water storage of different types of soil reservoirs in different seasons was rainy season rain middle season dry season; Mean monthly water storage of Schima superba, Cunninghamia lanceolata, enclosing tending forest was separately 124.8 mm, 121.9 mm and 85.0 mm greater than that in the control in rainy season, and in dry season it was 141.0 mm, 129.2 mm, 91.0 mm greater respectively

Abstract:Abstrcat Soil and water loss from sloping fields was the main reason for soil and land productivity degradation in mountain areas. Based on the experiments of rainfall simulation, this article assessed systematically the effect of tillage on water transformation and runoff-sediment-yielding characters on granite sloping fields. Results showed that under tillage conditions, the rate of water transformation increased by 1/4, the average sediment concentration in lost runoff increased by one and a half times, sedment-yielding amount increased by 12%. So various farming measures should be combinated organically. In addition, with the extension of runoff-yielding time during the rainfall process, the sediment from slope tended to accelerate more rapidly than runoff volume increase. So the applications of suitable measures to prolong the initial runoff-yielding time, reduce runoff-yielding volume, and increase the transformation ratio from rainfall to soil water will be effective in reducing soil loss from sloping fields in these areas

Abstract:Abstrcat Using the Caragana korshiskii. shrubbery of 17 years in Shanghuang as the studied object, this article analyzed the effect of different topography, site preparation modes and annual accumulated rainfall to the formation of morphological structure of the Caragana korshiskii. shrubbery. The height, the root depth, the number of branches and the biomass of Caragana korshiskii. shrubbery in different topography and preparation modes were studied. By using the principal component analysis, the results suggested: (1) The effect of different topography was significant to the tree height, root depth and biomass, but the number of branches was not. The effect of different site preparation was also significant to all biologic indices. (2) The effect of annual accumulated rainfall on the formation of morphological structure of Caragana korshiskii. shrubbery was high. By analyzing the regression about tree height, root depth, number of branches and biomass of Caragana korshiskii. with total precipitation, the curve of tree height , the number of branches and biomass were showed as "S" pattern, which suggested the correlation between the annual accumulated rainfall and the indices were very large.The relationship between root depth and the annual accumulated rainfall was the shape of exponential curve. (3) All growth indices have close relation. Tree height, branches and biomass were aboveground combined indices to the descriptive of plant and the root depth was the under-ground one

Abstract:Abstrcat The centrifuge modeling test of wedge failure in rock slope is presented. The processes of choosing materials and processing the samples are introduced. The results of centrifuge modeling test are analyzed by the two methods of slope stability, and the anticipative results are obtained at last

Abstract:Abstrcat We collected soil samples from an area of 250 m×100 m and detemined location of sample and slope using Geostationary Technology Satellite Auto focus, the content of SOC were analyzed by method of K2CrO7-H2SO4 capacity. The data were analyzed based on Geostatistics method (Semivariance and Kriging interpolation) and the conclusion showed that SOC of sloping field had strong spatial heterogeneity at different aspect. There were an obvious spatial correlation among SOC of different soil layers, and the correlation weaken with soil depth increase. The reason may be soil-forming factors especially landform play a crucial role; soil management such as fertilization, ridge vertical to contour line and cultivation decreased this correlation and increased its randomicity, which made SOC tend to uniformity. The content of SOC had a strong relationship with landscape units and soil forming process especially soil redistribution based on distribution maps of SOC produced by Kriging interpolation. The content of SOC at shoulder-slope was lowest because of serious erosion; summit and back-slope had similar content of SOC due to similar slope. The mechanism of SOC change at the whole study area was put forward, namely SOC with high content was changing into SOC of middle and low content.

Abstract:Abstrcat For studying the reasons of intensive erosion of artificial forest in hilly area of Sichuan Province, the structural properties and its relationship with surface soil erosion ratio are analyzed using soil samples taken from Yanting Agro-ecosystem Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results showed that soil aggregates are very unwaterstable and there are very little non-capillary pores; the waterstable aggregates larger than 0.25 mm, structure ped breaking ration, aggregates mean weight diameter change, and non-capillary pores correspond well with surface soil erosion ratios. The reasons of unstable structure and intensive soil erosion were analyzed. And the countermeas are given briefly

Abstract:Abstrcat Soil erosion properties are analyzed to determine the impacts of soil erosion on land productivity in the Loess Plateau and the Dry-hot Valley of Jinsha River. Analysis methods used include field survey, laboratory experiments and simulation tests. Results show that soil erosion on sloping fields not only causes soil nutrient loss, but also causes degradation of soil physical properties and diminished soil infiltration capability. The consequence of theses changes brought by soil erosion is a reduction in land productivity. The impacts of similar soil erosion on the productivity of land in the Dry-hot Valley are more severe than those in the Loess Plateau, averaging 2.1 to 2.9 times more serious

Abstract:Abstrcat The water loss and soil erosion on the Loess Plateau severely hampers the development of local economy and society. Therefore, a lot of measures of soil and water conservation are carried, and obvious benefits of sediment deduction are achieved. However, there are no reasonable methods considering the effect of soil and water conservation on the design of water conservancy projects, especially on the determination of mean annual sediment discharge for reservoir design. With two cases of reservoir design, considering the effect of soil and water conservation as well as ecological construction, the reasonable calculation ways of reservoir mean annual sediment discharge are discussed by means of comprehensively analyzing measured sediment deposition data in building reservoirs and sediment discharge records from hydrologic stations in similar watersheds

Abstract:Abstrcat The soil organic matter and nutrient contents of Pinus tabulaeformis woods, Caragana intermedia shrubs, Stipa bungeana steppe, Thymus serphyllum steppe and non-cultivated land of Wufendigou experimental area in Huangfuchuan basin are measured and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Vegetative restoration could increase the contents of the soil organic matter and rapidly available nutrient remarkedly, and improve the soil fertility; (2) With the increase of the soil depth, the benefit that vegetative restoration heightened the degree of soil fertility was decreased obviously, and the feature of soil organic matter gathering on the surface was most significant in Pinus tabulaeformis woods; (3) The fixation effect of total N in artificial vegetation was more obvious than that in natural vegetation, but it was converse on the fixation effect of total P. The mechanism of vegetative restoration heightening soil fertility and the restoration effect of soil fertility in different vegetation were discussed

Abstract:Abstrcat The coarse sand area located in the middle reaches of the Yellow river is the main source area which produces the most amount of the deposited sediment in the riverbed of the Yellow river. Consequently, it is very important and practical to study LUCC in the coarse sand area. The land-use temporal and spatial characteristics and driving forces for cover change are analyzed supported by GIS platform with a time series of land-use maps as raw materials. Based on the research results and the region's natural characteristics, some advices on soil and water conservatiom and vegetation restoration are given

Abstract:Abstrcat The characteristics and causes of soil fertility under eucalyptus plantations on the Leizhou Peninsula are discussed. Investigation indicates that the soil fertility under this vegetation type is characterized by low soil organic matter content and soil nutrient impoverishment. Probable causes include severe soil and water loss, anthropogenic disturbance to the bioaccumulation process of nutrients, clear fallings practices, unsuitable land reclamation and residue management. Increasing the biodiversity characteristics of the eucalyptus plantations, returning litter to the forest floor, adopting sustainable harvesting techniques, as well as improved residue management are likely to improve the status of soil fertility

Abstract:Abstrcat Taken the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE) as a theory foundation, we used the map algebra method to assess one by one and evaluate synthetically on influence factors of the sensitivity of soil erosion under the support of GIS in Jilin Province. We classified influence of precipitation, soil, topography and vegetation upon factor of soil erosion into five different degrees. As a result, assessment map of each factor was finished. We also drew integrated assessment map of sensitivity of soil erosion by overlapping function with ArcGIS. Through analysis and assessment, it was made clear that possible level, area coverage and spatially distributional pattern of soil erosion sensitivity. Furthermore, the effective countermeasures controlling the soil erosion are discussed. The result will provide the important basis for the partition management of ecology environment, the reasonable use of land resources, effective control of soil erosion

Abstract:Abstrcat Supported by GIS, landscape pattern at different elevations above sea level in the Three Gorges area is determined from the proportion of land area at specified elevations compared with total landscape area, the fractal dimension of landscape patches, the landscape diversity index, the mean patch area and the landscape fragment index. A key conclusion is that the landscape pattern of similar landscape components varies at the same elevation; Results from the broad scale pattern of landscape characteristics at different elevations are as follows: landscape diversity decreases (1.332, 1.242, 1.203, 1.061, and 0.837) with the increasing of elevation; the fractal dimension varies (1.239, 1.189, 1.176, 1.173 and 1.208) with the increasing of elevation; and the mean patch area varies (64.93, 35.29, 39.65, 59.4, 101.03 hm~2) with the increasing of elevation

Abstract:Abstrcat This paper focuses on how remote sensing technology was employed in investigating the variation of vegetation coverage after an emergent water transportation project was implemented. A comparison of two Thematic Mapper(TM) images of 2000 and 2001 in the lower reaches of Tarim River was used to determine the changes in vegetation coverage before and after implementation of the project. The results show that the vegetation coverage in an affected green belt had clearly recovered. The method has potential for broad application due to its flexibility, accuracy and convenience

Abstract:Abstrcat In loess hilly-gully region, there existing many types of soil, such as loessal soil, red clay, mantle rock soil, and so on. Based on observation and testing after planting different kinds of trees in loessal soil, red clay and mantle rock soil, the results showed that planting different trees can improve the physical properties of soil. Especially, planting Ippophae rhamnoides, locust, oriental arborvitae, poplar and mixed planted with these four trees are better than other trees. Mixed planting can accelerate the tree growing, as well as decrease soil water use effectively. And the soil porosity in mantle rock soil and the soil water content between 0-80 cm had increased, this showed that planted trees in mantle rock soil had certain potential, which is very significant for holding back the trend of soil and water loss in loess hilly-gully region

Abstract:Abstrcat Based on detailed surveys and modificatory data of land, the relational investigations and statistical data in Zhongxian County during 1996-2003, the basic trend and its main causes of cultivated land use change are analyzed. The result shows that the trend of cultivated land quantity is decreasing in general; the cultivated rate of land is 38.57% in 2003, the area of middle-low yield farmland accounts for 73.31% of the total cultivated land in Zhongxian County, the reserve resource of cultivated land only occupies 8.50% of the total exploitative reserve land; the loss intensity of cultivated land is 0.56 hm~2/(km~(2)·a) and its quality is going down; the area of cultivated land returning to forest, changing cultivated land into garden land and flooded cultivated land respectively account for 56.37%, 25.77% and 13.22% of the total decreased of cultivated land during the last 8 years in Zhongxian County. Some key channels for farmland protection are put forward, such as strict control of farmland occupation for non-agricultural constructions, improving the relative economic benefits of cultivated land, strengthening the arrangement and restoration of cultivated land, doing well the major synthetical regulation for the basic construction of irrigation and water conservancy and strict control of population quantity, and so on

Abstract:Abstrcat The geographic distribution, soil forming conditions, physico-chemical properties and main subgroups of desertified soil in Hexi Corridor are discussed. Effect of the desertified soil and fertilization in the gray-brown desert soil is also studied. After three years cultivation of Ephedra intermedia whose fresh grass yield is 12.17 t/hm~2. Compared to CK in 0-20 cm soil layer, the soil water content, granular structure(0.25 mm) and the total porosity are increased by 64.2 g/kg, 14.31% and 11.32% separately. The apparent density is decreased by 0.30 g/cm, soil pH from 8.32 to 7.99 and total salt by 1.72 g/kg. The rate of desalination reaches to 49.85%. At the same time, the content of soil organic matter, rapidly available N, rapidly available P and rapidly available K increase too

Abstract:Abstrcat On the basis of analyzing the distribution characteristics and current utilization situation of small-size (river) basins in hilly and gully area of the Loess Plateau, from a point of view of harmonious development among society, economy and environment, three models on rational utilization of small-sized river basin are raised in an overall and systematic way. Water resources storage rules, current utilization situation and reasonable utilization direction are analyzed and studied. The scientific proof for allocation, planning and management of water resources is offered

Abstract:Abstrcat An investigation of abandoned quarries in the urban district in Chongqing City are presented. Degradation of the natural landscape and ecosystem condition in these areas is assessed. In light of this results of the assessment, a preliminary plan for ecosystem and landscape restoration of the abandoned quarries is put forward. The plan comprises developmental renovation, engineering renovation, landscape reconstruction, reafforestation and ecological restoration. Possible policy and management measures and the raising of funds during the process of ecological restoration and renovation in abandoned quarries are discussed

Abstract:Abstrcat The area of soil erosion in Hu'nan Province amounts to 40393 km², covering 19.07% of the total area of Hu'nan Province. It is a comparatively serious area in soil erosion. The soil erosion of Hu'nan Province is analyzed from the geography, weather, human factor etc. The main reasones of soil erosion are that the south is higher than north in the geography characteristics, the rainfall of mountain area is higher in plain in the weather condition, vegetation is broken by the human factor. Therefore, the treatment mode is put forward from the mountain area to the plain, from anabranch to main stream, from zoology collecting rain to irrigation and drainage. Thus achieve the purpose of preventing the soil erosion and improving zoology environment

Abstract:Abstrcat Reservoir area of Fengjie County's new city construction in Three Gorges is greatly changing Lijia Gully's engeering geological environment at midstream and downstream. The debris flow will threaten the construction of the new city and security of local people's property directly. The thesis proceeds from the point of geological project, the formation conditions(lithologic character, structure condition, geomorphic condition, meteorological condition, vegetative cover and human engineering activities), essential features(features of forming areas and circulating area) are systematically studied in detail. The calamity and development trend are predicted, and rational suggestions are proposed

Abstract:Abstrcat First, the basic states of the water resources in Shanxi Province are simply introduced. On the basis of these, the achievements and experiences of water saving in Shanxi Province are analyzed. Meanwhile, the problems and reasons of the water resources exploitation and utilization in Shanxi Province are found. In order to settle more and more serious crisis of the water resources, we probe into the actual significance of water saving and source opening. For the rational utilization of the limited water resources in Shanxi Province, a series of scientific methods that we should follow before plan and management are raised, and the aim is to realize the sustainable use of the water resources in Shanxi Province

Abstract:Abstrcat Based on the theory of circular economics, it is pointed out that circular economic pattern is the objective of the ecological province construction of Shannxi Province, and the factors restraining circular economics in this regard are analyzed from natural and human environmental perspectives, and natural factors are found to restrict the circular economics on a fundamental level, while current human factors restrict the potential for reaching circular economics. Thus, we should set up a support system including ideology, management and service, and promotion circular economy development, and offering the optimum way for the ecological province construction of Shannxi Province

Abstract:Abstrcat Base on System Dynamic Model, the interaction of production-living system, and meeting the water demand of riverway ecosystem to some degree, the Spatiotemporal Coupling Formula of Water System and Social Economical System is put forward. According different develop goal and policy condition, runs economy high-speed develop model(HD), water-economy coordinated developing model(CD), water-moved develop model(MD) separately. MD is the best way to resolve water resource and social economical system problem in Guanzhong region. At present, the amount of water that moving from other zone can not reach the demand of economy development completely in the future. Planning more water-transportation projects is necessary and makes it works before the schedule

Abstract:Abstrcat The situation of environment construction in China is introduced. Combining problems found in previously working and study, several main problemes that must be amended are put forward in the management project. In order to promote environment project construction in China, the administrative authority should enhance grass-roots organization and project management, do a good job in programming and monitoring projects with the contemporary technology, deal with the relationship properly between project construction and development of stockbreeding

Abstract:Abstrcat The Loess Plateau watershed rehabilitation project is a large scale comprehensive controlling engineering with first time using foreign capital for soil and water conservation field in China. The model of large scale, high standard, high quality, high velocity and mass control is used, and the project implementation goes on wheels. By the end of project, the social and ecological environment of project area is improved obviously, the soil and water loss has been controlled effectively, the income of farmer in project area is increased markedly with 1 158 Chinese Yuan. Since the project has been implemented, the productive condition of agriculture and rural foundation has been improved, the structure of agriculture industry has been adjusted, dominant industry has been formed, and the typical model of watershed comprehensive control has been set up with feasible operation of economy and sustainable development of environment