Abstract:Abstract:Based on the field experiments,soil moisture dynamics of a maize field was studied. Impacts of different land overs on soil moisture were conducted in comparison with soil moisture of a millet field and fallow field. Theresults showed that precipitation in the raining season played an importantrole in supplying soil water in the maize field and the soil moisture’s dynamic period was coincided with the raining season;different land covers had strong effecton the soil moisture,and the evapotranspiration amounts of maize and millet plots were 502. 9 mm and 473.9 mm,respectively,but the fallow land,only 414.lmm;the ET/ Eo ratio of the maize field (evapotransipration/water surface evaporation) in the entire growing period was 0.77,however,its ratios was greater than 1.00 in thejointing stage and the following stage. The ratio for the whole growing period was 0.69 on the millet field.Abstract:Based on the field experiments,soil moisture dynamics of a maize field was studied. Impacts of differentland covers on soil moisture were conducted in comparison with soil moisture of a millet field and fallow field. The results showed that precipitation in the raining season played an importantrole in supplying soil water in the maizefield and the soil moisture’s dynamic period was coincided with the raining ason;different land covers had strong effecton the soil moisture,and the evapotranspiration amounts of maize and millet plots were 502.9 mm and 473.9 mm,respectively,but the fallow land,only 414.lmm;the ET/ Eo ratio of the maize field (evapotransipration/water surface evaporation) in the entire growing period was 0.77,however,its ratios was greater than 1.00 in the jointing stage and the following stage. The ratio for the whole growing period was 0.69 on the millet field.Based on the field experiments,soil moisture dynamics of a maize field was studied. Impacts of different land covers on soil moisture were conducted in comparison with soil moisture of a millet field and fallow field. The results showed that precipitation in the raining season played an importantrole in supplying soil water in the maize field and the soil moisture’s dynamic period was coincided with the raining season;different land covers had strong effecton the soil moisture,and heevapotranspiration amounts of maize and millet plots were 502. 9 mm and 473.9 mm,respectively,but the fallow land,only 414.lmm;the ET/ Eo ratio of the maize field (evapotransipration/water surface evaporation) in the entire growing period was 0.77,however,its ratios was greater than 1.00 in the jointing stage and the following stage. The ratio for the whole growing period was 0.69 on the millet field.

Abstract:Based on data collected by random survey of soil moisture in loess hilly and gully region,the authors ana-lyzed the soil moisture dynamics of different land uses. The study showed that land uses resulted in the differencesof dynamic racteristics of soil moisture. The crop land and the apple-orchard land had the same dynamics varia-tion. With the process of time,soil moisture increased gradually and then fell. The lands withouthuman hus-bandry,such as forest,shrub and grass land had the different trend. The soil moisture reduced gradually with time. In rainy season,soil moisture appreciably increased,butivets extent was not markedly. At the same time,land uses also made the dynamic characteristics of soil moisture profile ifferent. The authors used standard devia-tion to separate the layer of the soil vertical moisture variation. The resultivendicated hat the active moisture layer of farm land was markedly shallow.Land uses of different types made the variation coefficients and their varietydifferent. Except for the layer,the variation trend of different layers is accordant. As a soilmoisture reduced gradually month by month. The expiation ofrainfall was impaired by vegetation transpiration andsoil evaporation.

Abstract:The precipitation distribution in 20 yearold artificial forestof Circrcamomum camphora in Zhuzhou City,Hu’nan Province was studied. Results show that annual average rainfall of the ecosystem is 1321.4mm,a-mong them the throughfall,stemflowand canopy interception rate make up 72.5%,1.3%and 26.2%of the an-nual precipitation,respectively. In a single rainfall,the less the rain,the higher the interception rate,and the less the rainfall intensity,the more the benefits from the crowntercep tion.

Abstract:One of basic problems of cryopedology the sallmoisture transfer in soil freeze-thawing processes.The special lawis up of the two times salt-moisture transfer affected by soil type,initial moisture content,salinity and temperature. emperatureis its driving force. Salt moves towards frozen layer with moisturefor soilwater po-tential falling in the freeze process,so salinity contentivencxeases in the frozen layer continuously. In the thawing process,salinity and moisture cumulated in the frozen soil layer move up again with evaporation,salinity of the surface layer increasing sharply. The resultof simulated experiment notonly proves the formation process of the soil salinization,but also provides theory for prevention and〔ure of soil salinization the freeze-thawarea of the North China.

Abstract:The relationships between the spatial pattern of vegetation in Yaoxian County and the terrain factors such as titude,slope,and aspect were analyzed using GIS. Yaoxian County was divided in to several districts ac-cording to its topographical state. The spatial pattern of vegetation was analyzed according to these terrain parame-ters and changes in vegetation index. The result showed that vegetation spatial pattern had a close relationship with terrain parameters.

Abstract:In the northeastern irrigation area ofulanbuh Desert,the multi-sources water exists and the supply and demand amounts are relative to the channeled Yellow River amount. For these characteristics,three schemes of the high,medium and low channeled Yellow River amount were determined for the planning 2010 year. The supply and demand amounts of water resources were then analy zed in the Northeastern irrigation area of Desert. On the basis of these works,the water resource balance index for three schemes and three subindliex carrying caparity of oasis scale and population and per capita GDP were alculated.Through these indices,the carrying capaccity of water resource in northeastern irrigation area ofulanbuh Desert was set forth synthetically.

Abstract:Water costof sediment control (ratio of detained runoff and sediment,RRS) is an indicator derived from runoff and ediment detained by soil and water conservation practiveces or other water resource projects. RRS plays an import antrole in scovering the effectof soil conservation practices on water resources. A larger RRS show sthat some practiveces or ranches can reduce more runoff when the same weightof sedimentives detained. the RRS of branches in Hekou and Long men section of the Yellow River was analyzed based on datasetof sediment deliv-ery modules,averag e annual recipitation,runoff and sediment det ained by conservation practices and irrigation from 1970 to 1996. Result s show thatrRS of irrigativeon is far more than thatof soil and water conservativeon prac-tices. RRSs of terrace,forest and grass are similar but more than thatof dam land. With the increase of sediment delivery modules,the dif ference between RRS of terrace,forest,grass and RRS of dam land decreases. the posi-tive correlativeons between averag eannual precipit ativeon and RRS of terrace,forest and grass practiveces are evidentre-spectively,but the correlativeon between average annual precipit ation and RRS of dam land is negative evidently.

Abstract:The Maowusu Desert and the Tengeli Desert are important deserts in the North China. The Maowusu Desert lies to the eastof the Helan mountain and the other lies to the westof it. From 1986 to 2000,affected by climatic change and increasingly intensif ying force of anthropic activity,land cover land use of the margin regions of two desert,which falls into Shannxi Province,Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,had changed evidently. Attributing to different dry-humid terrain and other factors,land-cover land-use change of two desert marginal regions displayed different trait each other. The study used method of analysis landscape structure to describe the difference of the wo marginal regions,and with it,to expose different mode of ecological environ-mentresponding to variety of climatic and anthropic activity,which happened in two marginal regions being partof ecotone in the semi-arid or arid of the North China.

Abstract:In order to rapidly execute the central government decision that converting farmland to forest and grass-land,and recovering ecological environment,estimating population bearing capacity correctly becomes one of the basic research work. Taking Shanxi Province (or Shanxi Province Yellow River watershed) as the studying re-gion,using correlated statistic and test data,establishing differenthierarchical structure of grassland utilization ra-tio and different class of meat-eating consumption level,the population bearing capacity of grassland resource of Shanxi Province and itsincluded counties and cities are study dynamically through single entry and component types. In conclusion,it could provide theoretical basis for converting farmland to forest and grassland and the eco-logical migration of Shanxi rovince.

Abstract:Applying modified Green- Ampt equation and kinematic wave equation and using observed rainfall and runoff dat a,hydrology model of uniform loess hillslope was built up and validated. Results showed thatrelative effor ofrunoff volume was under 20% and predicted runoff ydrograph accorded well with observed runoff hydro-g raph,which means thathy drology model on loess hillslope broug htout by this thesis can be used in simulating hy-drology processes produced by natural rain on uniform loess hillslope. Atthe same time,it was pointed out thathy-drology predictiveon model of complicated hillslope should be studied and thathydrology model of loess hillslope should be improved.

Abstract:A.splendens is a pioneer plantiven saline-alkali soil ameliortion.By coducting research on water-re-quiement law of planted A.splendens tificially,it was found that water-consuming and water-requiement tended to increase by degree during turning gree and heading stage,while it tended to decrease during heading stage and the fruit-beary stage.Water-consuming and water-requiement were the highest during ing stage.Further-more,a preliminary system of irrigation on A.splendens in saline-alkali land was suggested.

Abstract:the unreasonable human activity is one of the key factors for soil erosion and sedimentyield. Irrational developing ofrare earth m ine ongdonggou watershed,Xinfeng County,induced to serious sediment silting in the river channel,and thetotal silting sediment was 30193 tiven the 7500m river channel estimated by measuring the siltiveng sectiveon. Based on the sediment delivery ratio,soil loss in thewhole tershed was 3500t/km²,and soilerosive radius was more than 1150 t/(km² Erosion degree in the watershed was of middle erosion density. Soilloss from the tailings ofrare earth mine was the most serious sources for sedimentiven river,and the loss was 99 730t/km² with annual erosion amount greater than 34000t/(km³a) as the severest loss type. Among all the soil and water loss controlling easurements,managementofrare earth mine development should be intensified and con-trolling abandoned mine tailings should be as a key aspect.

Abstract:Based on the introduction of concepts for temporal-geograp hic information systems(TGIS),and rele-vant concept s including cartograp hic scale,extent,resolution and scaling,progresses of TGIS in western and Chi-na were reviewed briefly. Then the spatial and temporary properties,and the database construction method of TGIS,main applications of TGIS in regional soil erosion researches,including patio-temporary analysis of landuse change,interpolation of sampling data,were discussed. Emerging issues for TGIS research and pplication,in-cluding the assessmentof spatial-temporal accuracy and uncertainty,were discussed at last.

Abstract:Tabular data is a common formativen ecological research data.Based on the analysis of characteristics of tabulardata,the relationship between dataset and associated metadata,and safety and share strategy,atabular database sy stem has been designed with Oracle soft package and databased techniques.the study show sthat met adata is notonly documents for datasets,but a determination of the content and data volume of dat asets as well as the relationships among datasets.The design scheme has been applied in development and est ablishmentof soil conservativeon database in the Loess Plateau.

Abstract:the geo-textile fabric utilization in Dawa delta,Liaoning Province in the flood prevention-shore protect-ing projectwas introduced.Byndoor test,the mechanical characteristic,the permeability and the counter-permeability were studied.The testing resultreveals that the standard permeation apparat us can be substi tuted by non-standard permeation apparatus to conduct the experimental research.Because the non-standard permeation ap-paratus is larger in size and is mo re similar with the real engineering practice,itives better to simulate the engineer-ing condition and is more useful to investigate the defensive project with experimental measures.

Abstract:Nowadays eco-environmental water demand is becoming a hot spotiven the field of water resource and re-lated fields. The relationship between eco-environmental water demand and water resource was analyzed. Demand evaluating index system for the eco-environmental water included one object layer,four guide layers and 20 index-es. The evaluating measures were set up,which enriches the theory of eco-environmental water demand. In addi-tion,based on the eco-environmental water demands of Anji County,the clemands of six counties in different loca-tions of Zhejiang Province were calculated and evaluated. The conclusion is that eco-environmental water demand for Tonglu County,Tiantai Countyand Zhuji County are on excellent level,and for Yongkang County,Ruian County and Longyou County,on good level. The bottleneck factors of each city can be found accordingly.

Abstract:As a widely used h-itech with a powerful function of geo-analysis,SOTER demonstrated its potential map visualization and spativeal alysis in combinativeon with soil degradativeon evaluativeon models. the soil deg radation evaluation system was established based on SOT ER and AH P. 53 SOT ER unites in the typical region of upper reaches of the Yang tse River were evaluated. the result evaluativeon was mapped and the spatial distribution was an-alyzed.

Abstract:Fract altheory was used to rebuild the embed special dimension serials based on the statistical data of flood and drought damage occurred in Anhui Province from 1949.the time serials was discussed and the fractal dimension was computed. the results indicate that time serials of the flood and drought area has fractal fea-ture. the st able fract al dimension is 2. 56 and 3.55. the corresponding minimize dimension of the st able relativeon-ship is 8.0. Hurst analysis results indicate that the areas of flood and drought are due to rapidly increase after 1980. the result can provide a base research to build the forecast model of the flood and drought damaged area.

Abstract:Itives an impo rtant contentof environment construction to enpedite sustainable use of soil and water re-sources in the mountain area of conversion from farmland to forest.Based on analy ses of P.Kansuensis adaptabili-ty,popularizing value and advantage of water and soil resources in the mount ain area of conversion from farmland to forest,a newexploiting method w hich taked cultivating P.Kansuensis as a dominant factor was put forward.the manag ing effect and managing benefitof cultivating P.Kansuensis in the mountain area of conversion from farmland to forest were analyzed.

Abstract:Based on ecology rehabilitation work in soil and water conservation of Chishui City,the methods about ecolog ical benefit evaluativeon were ex plored. the basict echniques and methods of ecolog ical benef itresearch and e-valuativeon were est ablished. the eraluativeon adhered to objective and systemativec principle,chose indexes of veget a-tiveon mulching degree,biolog ical diversity,community biom ass,soil organic mat ter and cont entof N,P,K and the diversif icativeon of surface soil and sediment content,obt ained the data about soil and water loss and vegetation mulching degree and biom ass,and then estimated the ecological benef its of eng ineering practiveces with quantivet ative method. As a result,eng ineering practiveces obt ained great ecological benefits,for example,by increasing vegetation mulching degree and biological diversity and biomass as well as soil fertivelity,and decreasing soil erosion and sedi-ment content,etc.

Abstract:Based on the existing information and on-the-spotivenvestigation,the present situation and potentiality of water resources use in the Shenmu-Fugu mining area were analyzed. Developing ways and count ermeasures to solve the contradictiveon of water use between industry and agriculture were studied. the train of thought and the tenden-cy on water resources use were ex pounded by three phases of short term,medium term and long term.

Abstract:The area of soil and water loss in Dingxi Municipality is 6726.6km²,accounting for 83.2% of the total land. In the region of soil and water loss,two hundreds and thirty.seven lager and medium sediment trapping dams with the total capacity of 71.9612 million cubic meters had been established by the end of 2003. These dams play significantroles in trapping sediment,controlling floods,reducing hazards and facilitating the conversion of slope farmland to forestor grass land,improving the transportation and supplying drinking water for local resident sand livestock as well.

Abstract:Detailed implementrules of soil and water conservation monitor for development and construction pro-jects is the further design of soil and water conservativeon plan. Systemativec and scientivef ic detailed monitor implementrules,can g ive the rules for monitor and make monitor methods standardizativeon. It can also supply g ist that can be checked and assure monitor quality and progress. Based on several years work ex perience,a basic frame,monitor assess rules,monitor technology and means were presented. the detailed monitor implementrules should include compile gist,sketch condition of constructiveon it ems,soil and water conservativeon conditiveon of project zone,soil and water conservation monitor aim and principle,monitor cont ent and means,monitor organizativeon and management,antivecipated results and forms,etc.

Abstract:the influence of part time farmer.s time allocativeon and income structure on their behaviors of soil and water conservativeon was theoretivecally analyzed. A Logistic simulating model was est ablished on the relation between farmer off- farm work and their soil and water conservativeon behaviors based on the f armer investigation in Xingguo,Shangrao and Yujiang Countivees of Jaing xi Province. On the basis of this model,the part time f armer households.behaviors of soil and water conservation and itsregional diff erence were investivegated. Results show that farmer households.understand on soil and water loss,the proportiveon of arm work ime,farmer households.education levels signi ficantly influence their soil and water conservativeon behaviors from the view of population,and farmer households.offarm work does decrease their work time in soil and water conservation. However,because of di-ff erence in social and economic conditiveon,and soil and water loss,there are diff erences among the three sample re-gions. Finally,there are relative sugg estions on how to encount er soil and water loss.

Abstract:The compensation for forest ecological benefits becomes the focus of ecological field in recentyears. Some studies paid special attentions to the evaluation of whole ecological values. And mostof them neglected special stuation. Some studies paid special attentions to one aspectof ecological values,butivet was very difficult to meet the real needs. Theories aboutregional location quotient and leading industry are the typical theories ofregional economics. Based on these theories,a new notion,leading ecological values,was proposed in order to solve the problems of previous studies. Badaling forestry center was taken as an example to illustrate how to rediscover the ecological benefits of forestresources. The ecological location quotient was calculated to ascertain the leading ecological values. Based on the calculated result,a new reasonable way of calculating standards of compensation was set up,and a tentative model was given to compensate the ecological benefits in time and space order.