Abstract:This paper studied changed properties of soils in the typical ecotone of Duolun County,Inner Mongolia for two years.Results showed that the content of clay decreased with increased sandy desertification on grassland.Soil moisture decreased significantly,especially within 20 cm of the soil surface(P0.05).Soil moisture in deeper layers was higher than the upper.Soil bulk density was found to increase with depth and has a certain correlation with the degree of sandy desertification in different depths.Soil bulk density in the 30-50 cm layer was the lowest in Ⅱ stage,and in the 0-5 cm layer,the lowest in Ⅴ stage.The contents of organic matter(OM),carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) in soils decreased significantly(P0.001).The reduction in nitrogen was more rapid than carbon,which led to an increase in the C/N of soil.This indicted that the nitrogen supplying to plant was insufficient.The positive correlation between granular composition and nutrient elements was significant.The correlation between clay and N was similar to those between clay and C and between C and N.Therefore the reduction in fine particles resulted in the significant reduction in N.The correlations among soil bulk density and the contents of carbon,nitrogen and clay showed that the finer particle,the higher content of organic matter and the lower soil bulk density.This indicted an improvement in soil stability,especially in the 5-10 cm layer(P0.001).

Abstract:The research was conducted in high-mountain of Datong County in Qinghai Province,where is a demonstration site for Land Conversion Program(LCP).For the specific converted lands,the typical soil type-Chernozem was selected as the main research object.Using the idea of substituting space for time,statistic analysis method and Principal Component Analysis(PCA),the paper appraises and compares soil quality index quantitatively so as to further study soil quality evolution in the time series.Results indicate that soil quality index in the 30 year conversion fluctuates with time,showing a rising trend.The history of the conversion can be basically divided into three stages of the initial,middle and later periods.The initial period is the first 5 years after the conversion initiation,which is characterized by the sapling stage and a relative increase in soil quality index.The middle period ranges from 5 to 20 years after land conversion initiation.Conifer and broad-leaf forests grow rapidly in the period,and soil quality index increases greatly and reaches its peak.The later period is from 20 years after conversion initiation to current time.The period is the stable period characterized by the forest with dense canopy and a modest decline in soil quality index.After conversion for more than 25 years,forests will self-sparse,and soil quality index will rise to some extent and tend to be stable.

Abstract:To provide a scientific basis regarding the effect of soil and water comprehensive control on runoff generation and its amount,the characteristics of infiltration in controlled and non-controlled watersheds of the Qinba hilly region were studied using the dual rings method and the parallel analysis.Results indicate that the infiltration rates of different landuses in controlled watersheds are obviously greater than that in non-controlled watershed.Steady-state infiltration rates in different landuses descend in the sequence of grassland,forest land,canal banks,slopping cultivated field,terrace and wasteland.Soil bulk density,soil organic matter content,the 0.25 mm water stable aggregates and soil porosity are the main causes for the increased infiltration rate.The increased infiltration rate by large-scale comprehensive control is one of the reasons for runoff generation process and variation of runoff amount.

Abstract:For the sustainable development and ecological construction in the Jinyun Mountain,it is important to describe the spatial variability of soil properties on slope woodland and infiltration processes for different vegetation types.Soil moisture,electrical conductivity and pH for 80 soil samples were measured,and the spatial variability was studied on the grids of 2m×2 m.Results showed that data of each variable fitted normal distribution,and there is a significant correlation between electrical conductivity and pH(α=0.01).The mean of CV% for each variable along the longitudinal slope was greater than that on the horizontal one.Soil moisture within different rows in both longitudinal and horizontal slope directions was not significantly influenced,whereas electrical conductivity and pH in the longitudinal slope direction were significantly influenced(α=0.01).The data were then analyzed using theory of geostatistics.It was found that soil moisture had a floating feature in both slope directions,and pH not only had the floating feature in the horizontal direction,but also showed the pure nugget effect in the longitudinal direction.Electrical conductivity showed a spatial structure in the horizontal direction,but did not have spatial relativity for the larger stochastic variability.The experiments on infiltration process in five standard lands demonstrated that steady-state infiltration rates in cultivated land and broad-leaved forest were 4.81 mm/min and 3.15 mm/min,respectively,and were 14 times and 9 times higher than that in coniferous-leaved forest,respectively.The amounts of 1h cumulated infiltration in cultivated land and broad-leaved forest were 1 365.58 mm and 518.46 mm,respectively,and were 37 times and 14 times higher than that in coniferous-leaved forest,respectively.

Abstract:The ⁷Be content in runoff and sediment from different runoff plots under single rainfall event was analyzed.The result showed that ⁷Be concentration in runoff was relatively less than that in sediment and the average value was 0.92 Bq/L.However,the total loss of ⁷Be from runoff plots was great because much more runoff discharge was lost from runoff plots.It was estimated that 11%～33% of total loss ⁷Be in the whole cultivated plot ran off with runoff,and this had a great effect on the result of tracing soil erosion.The ⁷Be content in sediment was more than that in surface soil,especially in the weed and bush plot.At last,it was discovered that the grain size of sediment did not obviously influence the ⁷Be content in sediment,and surface erosion played an important role in the ⁷Be content of sediment.

Abstract:Through continuous field observation of soil erosion in the Soil and Water Conservation Station of Suining,processes of soil erosion on purple parent material of the Suining group were studied by collecting the data from 1991 to 2000 and using the method of data analysis.Results showed that annual runoff module from soil erosion plots on the parent material closed for 10 years changed with annual rainfall amount,but on the whole,annual soil erosion module had a tendency to decrease year by year.Runoff depth was positively related to rainfall amount,and inversely related to rainfall duration.A regression equation for the relationship between runoff depth and rainfall amount was established,and the critical rainfall amount that can induce runoff was found to be 15.85 mm.Rainfall amount and mean rainfall intensity did not significantly influence soil erosion amount.During the first 4 years,the regression equation could be formed between soil erosion amount and runoff depth,and the critical runoff depth that can induce a large amount of soil erosion was 9.05 mm.It is evident that the closing management may prevent and cure soil erosion on the purple parent material,and soil erosion gradually changes from severe degree to light degree after closing for at lest 8 years.

Abstract:The situations of animal husbandry development and farmer income and the income from animal husbandry before and after the changes of ecological polices in the Yuanzhou District of Ningxia Hui Autonous Region in the recent ten years are analyzed with gray-relation analysis method.Analyses indicate that the relative growth of the income from animal husbandry is higher than that of the net farmer income.The proportion of the income from animal husbandry to the total agricultural output rises increasingly.The functions of promoting farmer income and national economy growth have been strengthened.The gray-relation analysis method is applied to the study of the main factors influencing animal husbandry economic system.Results further show that the increased inputs of feed,labor,fund,technology and policy support bring the greater changes in the correlation factors affecting animal husbandry economic system.The changes are analyzed separately.

Abstract:Dynamic change of landuses in Yangling Demonstration Zone from 1986 to 2003 were analyzed by using the spatial methods of RS and GIS and comparing the changes of TM remote sensing images in the years of 1986,1995 and 2003.Results show that from 1986 to 2003,the area of cultivated land gradually decreased by more than 20 km².The percentages of cultivated land over the total area in 1986,1995 and 2003 were 74%,59.7% and 50.8%,respectively.However,the increase in the area for horticulture was the greatest,being nearly 12 km²,and the annual changing rate was almost 10%.The areas of forest land and transportation increased by 7.2% and 7.0%,respectively.Besides,inhabitant area increased considerably in the past.From 1986 to 1995,there was nearly no change in inhabitant area,but from 1995 to 2003,however,there was a significant increase in it.In addition,the proportion of transportation area to the total land in 2003 was 1.6% higher than that in 1995,indicating a faster increase in the second period.It has fully proved that the pace of urbanization in Yangling is accelerated constantly.

Abstract:In the urbanization process,the change in land utilization is very swift.In order to investigate the effects of land utilization change and human activity on the spatial distribution of soil nutrient,we took the western suburb of Hangzhou as a research area.Sloping lands with three utilization ways of mixed forest,bamboo forest and cultivated sloping land were selected.In the horizontal direction,the whole sloping land was divided into four slope segments of the top,upper,lower and bottom,each of which has three samplings taken.In vertical direction,three depths at each sampling point were determined,i.e.,5,10 and 15 cm.Totally,36 samples were taken.The contents of N,P and K for each sample were measured,and 108 data were obtained for analysis.According to the measurements and systematic analysis,some conclusions have been gained.The absolute contents of N,P and K are the highest and the change in spatial distribution is the most obvious at the depth of 5 cm on sloping land.However,the most obvious change is observed at the depth of 10 cm on sloping land with bamboo forest.The change in the spatial distribution of the contents of N,P and K is very distinct.From the top of sloping lands to the bottom,the contents of N,P and K show a decreasing trend,and the intensity of decreasing trend is the greatest on sloping land.The main reasons for soil nutrient changes are the different ways of land utilization and the intensity and frequency of human activities.Loss of soil nutrient on sloping land is coincident with soil and water loss and water confluence.

Abstract:Based on the systemic planning of water resources of Heshan City,Guangdong Province,and a mass of data about hydrology and ecology collected from field survey,the classification of river eco-environmental water requirement was discussed.The objectives of the research were to realize basic ecological functions of a river and approximately calculate the eco-environmental water requirement of Shaping River using the updated calculation method for eco-environmental water requirement.Classification and computation are performed for making contributions to the harmony of society and economy,sustainable development and realization of optimal eco-environmental development.The results from calculation show that the total eco-environmental water requirement of Shaping River is about 3.18×10⁷ m³,accounting for 38.6% of normal annual runoff.According to the eco-environmental water requirement,the distribution of water resources of the river is optimized,and the optimal projects of water saving and water resource protection are designed by the characteristics of water requirement of the river,The research offers a scientific basis for the rational exploitation,utilization and protection of water resources of the river.

Abstract:A static three-dimensional model of the Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.root system was developed by the fractal and pipe model assumptions.The model was constructed from the observations for topology,branching rules,link length and diameter and root orientation.Evaluation tests were carried out at the plant level.The test principally concerned the coefficients of α and q,where factor α is a ratio of the total cross-sectional area of a root before branching to that afterbranching,and the allocation parameter q defines the new link biomass after branching.Although they are independent of root diameter,the coefficients show some variability that may affect the precision of prediction.The model provides adequate predictions for dry root matter,total root length and root diameter at the plant level. The static model appears to be suitable for the root system of adult trees.Compared with other models,the main advantages of the fractal model are its plasticity and ease of use.

Abstract:The effects of precipitation on debris flows on slope in Beibei District,Chongqing City,were investigated after the study of the formation conditions and their relations with the geologic,geographical and climatic conditions.The data for debris flows and precipitation during 1962-2003 were analyzed with a case of debris flows studied specifically.The analyses indicate that precipitation is the critical factor which causes the occurrence of debris flows on slope in Beibei District.The occurrence of debris flows is found to have a close relation with antecedent precipitation and one hour rainfall intensity.It is followed from the analysis of indexes that a debris flow may occur in Beibei District as the amount of one hour rainfall reaches 40 mm,the rainfall index,160,and the comprehensive index,650.

Abstract:The authors investigated the distribution of mass movements in the Loess Plateau by means of field survey and mapping based on the magnitude and frequency of them.We found the following regional characteristics of mass movement occurrence:(1) mass movements broadly occur along river valleys in the Loess Plateau;(2) the occurrence obviously shows regional difference;(3) the geological and geomorphological conditions strongly affect the occurrence and distribution of mass movements.For instance,sink holes mainly occur at the place where carbonate rock exists,large landslides occur along the cliffs that have a great altitudinal difference,small and frequent landslides and mud flows occur at the place where drainage density is high,and great mud flows occur with the large drainage area.These results indicate that the geological and geomorphological conditions must be considered in order to prevent mass movements in the Loess Plateau.

Abstract:This paper briefly introduces the application of 3S(GIS,RS and GPS) technologies in the dynamic monitoring of soil erosion in the source area of the Danjiangkon reservoir.It starts from an introduction of the technical features of 3S technologies,followed by a detailed explanation for the 10 steps on how to proceed with the task,i.e.,data collection,vectorization of contour maps,spatial analysis of vector data,geometric correction of remote sensing images,spectrum sampling of images,interpretation,computation of soil loss intensity,field verification of the outputs,database integration and user interface development.Finally,the paper illustrates the real application of this achievement,as well as the advantages of the 3S technologies for soil and water loss monitoring.

Abstract:Soil and water loss is one of the most serious environmental problems. It is important to monitor soil and water loss in karst region because of the fragility of its eco-environment.The applied status of methods for soil and water loss monitoring in karst region is summarized after studies of water balance and energy balance in different regions and different ecosystems.It is presented that the balance between substance and energy is the new subject of soil and water loss monitoring in karst region.Accordingly,primary field observations in Guizhou karst region were made,which provide soil and water conservation with a new thought and a method.

Abstract:ZHOU Yu-zhen(Shanxi Supervising Centre of Soil and Water Conservation and Eco-environment,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030002,China) A system for construction supervision of soil and water conservation project has been established.Practices indicate that it is positive,feasible and beneficial.The system improves engineering quantity,promotes engineering progress and controls engineering investment,effectively.The present problems and their countermeasures about construction supervision of soil and water conservation projects are proposed based on the experience from the supervision of comprehensive controlling of soil and water loss for the Sustainable Use Project of Capital Water Resources in the Early Stage of the 21st Century in Shanxi Province.

Abstract:The Dam system monitoring in the Chenggouhe watershed mainly includes the dynamic monitoring of engineering construction,monitoring of blocking sand to store water,benefit monitoring of dam use and the increased production,and monitoring of dam system safety.The implementation of monitoring project and the accurate evaluation of ecological,economical and social benefits from dam construction can provide a technical support for the safety construction of the city and the relatively stable dam system of small watersheds.Meanwhile,they can enhance the design,construction,management and production level of dam system and silt dam,and guarantee the overall project quality and comprehensive stable benefits.

Abstract:In the area inundated by debris flow,constructing ground control points for terrain change detection is very difficult.The DEM matching and deformation detection technique without control points were adopted to monitor the soil and water loss caused by debris-flow in Puwaigou,southwest of Sichuan Province during the past 30 years.The experimental results validate that the proposed method is practical for monitoring the terrain changes in the debris-flow area.

Abstract:Plant coverage is a very important ecological index,and it is essential for predicting soil loss quantitatively.Two plots covered with green paper cards as simulated plant were measured by overhead camera in order to analyze errors of the method.Comparison between computed results and actual plant coverage degree shows that the overhead photograph combined with image processing is an accurate and fast method to measure plant coverage degree.

Abstract:Based on field survey and three stages of spatial data sampled in the Yellow River Delta from 1978 to 2002,the transition of spatial data is accomplished by using the software ArcGIS and performing spatial analysis.Through the analysis of landscape indexes,the spatial and temporal changes in landuse pattern and the influence by human activities are contrasted.The result shows that in the Yellow River Delta,farmland is the primary landuse type,and wetland also possesses a great proportion.Affected by the natural factors and human activities,a series of changes has taken place on landscape pattern.The fragmentation and diversity of landscape structure have been increased obviously,and also the equality distribution of landuse pattern has been improved.

Abstract:Fifteen groups of real sand-pile model are introduced,whose self-organized criticality in granular mixtures is strongly influenced by non-uniform degree of granular material.Three different dynamic behaviors showed in the experiment,such as quasi-period distribution,normal distribution and power law distribution,are analyzed.It is deduced that non-uniform degree is neither used to describe the self-comparability of system configuration nor used as the criterion of self-organized criticality(SOC).Fractal theory is applied to study fractal characteristics of sand-pile structure.It is showed that sand pile takes on a good fractal structure as non-uniform degree is between 1.53 and 5.0. Fractal dimension rises fast when non-uniform degree is less than 2.85,and rises slow when it is greater than 2.85 but does not exceed 3.0.Moreover,through the analysis of the intrinsic relation between fractal characteristics of sandpile and SOC,the system presented SOC is found to have a steady fractal structure.The criterion for SOC is discussed and application of the SOC theory is prospected.Application of SOC theory in the forecast and prediction of mountain hazards and their control engineering design are discussed at length.

Abstract:With the demand of ecological environment protection,research on slope protection engineering by vegetation has received extensive development.However,few quantitative works have been done for the root-soil interaction and the effects of root reinforcement to slope due to the randomness and complexity of the root distribution.The mechanism of root reinforcement to soil and the shearing model of root-soil composite medium are discussed.The contribution of root reinforcement to shear strength is considered to have the characteristics of cohesion,and the effects of root reinforcement to slope are analyzed by numerical simulation.The safety factors of slope are computed in several kinds of cases.The results of this study may provide theoretical foundations to the deeper research works such as assessments of root reinforcement, selections of vegetation and the corresponding arrangement.

Abstract:The sources of uncertainty or error that arise in attempting to scale up the results from laboratory sediment transport studies include model imperfection,omission of important processes,lack of knowledge of initial conditions,sensitivity to initial conditions,unresolved heterogeneity and occurrence of external force.The sources of uncertainty that are unimportant or can be controlled on a small scale and over a short time may become important in the application on a large scale and over a long time.Control and repeatability,hallmarks of laboratory experiments,usually lack the large scale characteristic of large systems.Heterogeneity is an important concomitant of size,and tends to make large systems unique.Uniqueness implies that prediction cannot be based upon first-principles quantitative modeling alone,but must be a function of system history as well.In large systems,the construction of successful predictive models is likely to be based upon the discovery of emergent variables and a corresponding dynamics,rather than upon scaling up the results of well-controlled laboratory studies.

Abstract:Controlling for the steep slopes and vertical hill profiles in Northern China is an important issue in ecological reclamation practices by soil and water conservation.There are many hills and steep slopes in the area which make ecological environment difficult to restore.This paper mainly discusses slope afforestation using 5 species of climbing greening plants suitable for Northern China,such as Parthenocissus tricuspidata,Pueraria lobata Ohwi and Trichosanthes kirilowii.The growth characteristics of these plants and their merits and demerits are evaluated.According to different slope features,the principles of plant distribution and its concrete species are expounded,and some advanced supplementary measures necessary for planting are presented.

Abstract:The "flexible dam" made of the Seabuckthorn plant is a new bio-engineering measure used in soil erosion controlling,sediment retention and water conservation in gully,especially in the soft rock region with serious environmental problems.A field experimental research on sediment retention and water conservation by the seabuckthorn plant "flexible dam" was carried on in the small East-One-Branch gully in the representative soft rock region of Zhungeer County,Erdos City,Inner Mongolia.The analyses of sediment particle distribution and monitored and measured soil moisture data obviously show that the "flexible dams" are mostly silted up.Sediment in gully channel is subject to a natural selection-intercepting coarse sediment particles and depositing fine sediment particles by using the "flexible dams" together with small rigid dams down stream of gully channel.Much of the sediment is just held up in gully and the effect of sediment retention is very distinct.The "flexible dam" can strikingly regulate soil water in gully channel,and the dynamic change in the distribution of soil water in soil profile is obviously different in different positions of the "flexible dam" each year.The seabuckthorn plant "flexible dam" can improve the effects of conserving water,boost the self-reproducibility of "flexible dam" and achieve the self-growth of it.

Abstract:Aiming at the surface subsidence prediction assessment in the mining areas,this paper took the secondary rigidity and gentle coal layer for an example,and analyzed the stability of probability function model.The result indicates that the model has a good stability,and satisfies the precision demands for prediction assessment.Thus,we can use it in surface subsidence prediction of the secondary rigidity and gentle coal layer.Among the coal stratum angel,thickness,depth and the synthetic evaluation factor,the sensitivity of the synthetic evaluation factor is the greatest,and the factor is the main control parameter.

Abstract:The SH is a new polymer material for sand fixation.Strength of SH-fixated sand,resistance to wind erosion,water resistance,resistance to ageing,freezing-thawing resistance were tested in an indoor experiment.The experiment of SH-fixated sand was also conducted in the field.Results indicate that the SH has some great effects on sand fixation,and is fit for chemical sand fixation as combined with plants.The SH may be used in sand control.

Abstract:By taking Huangzhong County,Qinghai Province as a target area,a survey for the influence of socio-economic factors on the considerations of farmers for the cropland conversion program was carried out using grey related analysis as the main method.Results show that farmers' enthusiasm for converting cropland into forest or grass land is directly influenced by increased income and compositions of income.The implementation of cropland conversion into forest or grass Land is influenced by the age and educational background of householders and their families.

Abstract:Based on the natural resources and economic and social conditions of the Yulin sandy land,the demonstration research on comprehensive controlling sandy land and agroforestry ecosystem management was performed.10 types of demonstration models for agroforestry ecosystem management were constructed.The benefits of ecology,economy and society resulted from the management were analyzed.The countermeasures for the existing issues were presented in order to afford references for comprehensive control and development of the Maowusu sandy area.

Abstract:Yanchi County,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is located in the transition area from the arid steppe grasslands to the semi-arid region,and is one of the strong desertification areas in the criss-cross agricultural and grazing belt of North China.The pasture was subject to serious degradation in the past 50 years.This paper studies the human activities including indiscriminate exploitation,indiscriminate cutting firewood,indiscriminate reclamation and indiscriminate grazing,which greatly aggravate grassland degradation.Analyses indicate that the activities are resulted from the rapid growth and lower quality of population,low level of socio-economic development,irrational use of land resources and difficulty in policy implementation.To alleviate pasture degradation,we should seek solutions of the activities at first.

Abstract:This paper mainly analyzes the natural and anthropogenic causes of grassland desertification in the Ruoergai Plateau using the method of remote sensing and field investigation.Results show that grassland desertification is due to the comprehensive influence of environment and human activities.Grassland desertification has become a serious eco-environmental problem in the Ruoergai Plateau,and therefore some controlling measures for grassland desertification in Ruoergai Plateau are presented.

Abstract:Taking the Donggou watershed as a small representative watershed for the mountainous area and using the integrated benefit method and the comprehensive function method,ecosystem of the small watershed is evaluated for the integrated benefits and comprehensive functions before and after soil erosion programs are implemented.Analyses indicate that the used methods can describe the single benefit and integrated benefit resulted from the projects of soil and water conservation and ecological construction in small watersheds,and are suitable to ecological economic system appraisal in the complex eroded mountainous area.

Abstract:In accordance with the specific eco-environmental background and socioeconomic characteristics,a field experiment was conducted to deal with the characteristics of the agricultural ecosystem pattern and its operation status.By considering the abundant hill and mountain resources in the Yangtze River,the agricultural ecosystem pattern named FPH-PB was designed in unit of small watershed in order to adjust measures for local conditions.The FPH-PB pattern integrates the support-and-demand relation and operation mechanism and its applicability.Comparing to the traditional cropping pattern of CK and widely used pattern of pure pear orchard,the FPB-PH pattern provides higher economic and ecological benefits,especially in reducing soil loss.With the help of technologic exploitation and instruction from universities and academies,the FPH-PB pattern orients direct consumers and intermediary processing industries,provides experience of small watershed management and speedups the industrialization of agriculture in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

Abstract:The regional differences of natural environment and social environment determine imbalance development for PRED system in the crisscross zone of agriculture and animal husbandry in the northwest part of China.Therefore,only by relying on regional industrial structure adjustment and upgrade,the region can exert its comparative advantages and obtain maximal integral profits of both special economy and natural environment for regional sustainable development.The south mountainous region of Ningxia is a typical crisscross zone of agriculture and animal husbandry in the northwest part of China.Development for the complicated system of economy,society,environment and culture greatly depends on regional industrial structure advancement and rationality.To accelerate industrial structure adjustment,develop eco-industry and transform traditionally extensive economy models into intensive eco-economy models are the key to boost the beneficial cycle of environment and regional sustainable development.

Abstract:As an essential factor of landform,slope gradient has impacted the processes of transformation of materials and energies.The main researches on slope have been reviewed,including slope mapping,slope effects of DEM type,slope scale effects involved to DEM resolutions,and transformation of coarser resolution DEM derived slope.The main problems puzzled researchers on slope is slope mapping methods,in which slope was thought of discrete data and mapping for each of the classes.These methods were not matched to development of GIS and DEM applications,and do not meet the requirements of modeling in watershed hydrology and regional soil erosion as well.Considering the application of slope in hydrology and regional erosion modeling,the vegetation suitability assessing and mapping,main topics to be studied on slope include effects of DEMs from varied interpolation strategies,mechanisms of reduction for coarser resolution DEMs derived slopes,methods and model for coarser slope transformation,and application of scaled slope surface in studies of hydrologic and erosion models at the regional scale.

Abstract:Based on characteristics of ecologic environment and ecologic economy, energy resource use in the Manas River Basin of Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region is calculated using the energy method.The calculation shows that the energy self-sufficiency ratio is 98.06%,and the renewable resource energy ratio,65%,which indicate that mountain and desert are the main ecologic conditions to support the development of ecological economy.The total amount of energy use is 5.20×10²² Sej/a,imported energy ratio,13.46%,energy investment ratio,0.09,and energy per person, 1.12×10¹⁰ Sej/a,all of which are lower than the world levels.Energy use intensity is only 1.22×10¹¹ Sej/a,environment load,only 12.2,and energy yield ratio,1.22, which show that resource development intensity is weaker,and environment load is lower.Therefore,while developing ecologic economy in the oasis based on regional characteristics and fine resources of low value energy,the key rare energy resources with high value must be introduced,and feedback support and trade output of high value energy products must be strengthened.While consolidating energy foundation,the attention must be paid to energy use and its transformation potential.

Abstract:Based on the principle of ecological footprint,ecological tension index and ecological occupancy index for the evaluation of ecological security are presented,and the standards of ranking are constituted.Ecological footprint and its capacity from 1985 to 2003 in Qinghai Province are calculated.Ecological tension index and rank partition standards are used to measure the ecological security of Qinghai Province.The result shows that the ecological security of Qinghai Province in recent 11 years has been the second grade.